吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(十三)

高翻学院翻译实例讲评（十三）A.原文全文B.理解错误C.翻译技巧D.参考译文全文A.原文全文1Theeventsofthepastyearhave,Ibelieve,castaclearerlightupontheroleoftheUnitedNationsinthesetimes.TheCharter,readasawhole,doesnotendowtheUnitedNationswithanyoftheattributesofasuper-StateorofabodyactiveoutsidetheframeworkofdecisionsofMemberGovernments.TheUnitedNationsis,rather,aninstrumentfornegotiationamong,andtosomeextentfor,governments.Itisalsoaninstrumentaddedtothetime-honouredmeansofdiplomacyforconcertingactionbygovernmentsinsupportofthegoalsoftheCharter.ThisistheroletheOrganizationhasplayed,sometimessuccessfully,sometimeswithdisappointingsetbacks,throughoutitslife.FromtimetotimecomplaintsareheardaboutthelimitationsupontheOrganization’spower.Ithasevenbeensuggestedthat,unlesstheselimitationsarecorrected,theusefulnessoftheUnitedNationsissoquestionablethatthemaineffortofthegovernmentsinthesearchforpeaceshouldbeconcentratedinotherdirections.ThisviewdoeslessthanjusticetothecontributionsoftheUnitedNationsinitsshortlife.Especially,itfailstotakeintoaccountthatthereallimitationsuponactionbytheOrganizationdonotderivefromtheprovisionsoftheCharter.Theyresultfromfactsofinternationallifeinouragewhicharenotlikelytobeby-passedbyadifferentapproachorsurmountedbyattemptsatmerelyconstitutionalreform.ToturnasidefromtheUnitedNationsnowbecauseitcannotbetransformedintoaworldauthorityenforcingthelawuponthenationswouldbetoeraseallthesteady,thoughslowandpainful,advancesthathavebeenmadeandtoclosethedoortohopesforthefutureofworldsociety,towardswhichpresenteffortsandexperiencesshouldbeatleastamodeststeppingstone.Weshould,rather,recognizetheUnitedNationsforwhatitis---anadmittedlyimperfectbutindispensableinstrumentofnationsinworkingforapeacefulevolutiontowardsamorejustandsecureworldorder.Thedynamicforcesatworkinthisstageofhumanhistoryhavemadeworldorganizationnecessary.A.原文全文2Withitsincreaseinmembership,theUnitedNationsmorefullymirrorstherealitiesofthepresentworldsituationthaneverbefore,althoughnecessarilythepicturegiveninthedebatesandvotesintheUnitedNationscanbetrulyevaluatedonlyafteracarefulanalysis.TheUnitedNationsreflects,butisinnosenseacauseof,therenaissanceofAsia.TheawakeningofAfrica,andtheothergreatchangesthatareunderwayinthebalanceofpowerandrelationshipsofthepeoples,arelikewisepartofthedynamicsofhistoryitself.Asalways,theybringwiththemmanygraveproblemsofadjustment.Thesealltooeasilymaybecometheoccasionforarousingpassion,fearandhatred,andleadinturntoviolentupheavalsandtotheultimatedisasterofwarinthisatomicage.ThefunctionsofdebateandvoteareanessentialpartoftheprocessesbywhichtheUnitedNationscanassistthegovernmentsinavoidingthesedangersandinguidingthedevelopmentinconstructiveandpeacefuldirections.ButifitisacceptedthattheprimaryvalueoftheUnitedNationsistoserveasaninstrumentfornegotiationamonggovernmentsandforconcertingactionbygovernmentsinsupportofthegoalsoftheCharter,itisalsonecessary,Ibelieve,tousethelegislativeproceduresoftheUnitedNationsconsistentlyinwayswhichwillpromotetheseends.InanorganizationofsovereignStates,votingvictoriesarelikelytobeillusoryunlesstheyarestepsinthedirectionofwinninglastingconsenttoapeacefulandjustsettlementofthequestionsatissue.FullweightshouldalsobegiventothefactthattheprocessesofadjustmentandnegotiationwhichtheinstitutionsoftheUnitedNationsmakeavailabletotheMembergovernmentsembracemuchmorethanthepublicproceedingsofitsCouncilsandAssembly.Inthediplomacyofworldorganizationthequietworkofpreparingtheground,ofaccommodationofinterestandviewpoint,ofconciliationandmediation,allthatgoesintothewinningofconsenttoagreedsolutionsandcommonprogramme,thisformsabasisuponwhichtheUnitedNationscanbecomeanincreasinglyinfluentialandeffectiveforcetoaidthegovernmentsinpursuitofthegoalsoftheCharter.B.理解错误B.1.实例1Theeventsofthepastyearhave,Ibelieve,castaclearerlightupontheroleoftheUnitedNationsinthesetimes.B.1.1.讲评译文我相信，去年发生的部分事件已明确揭示了联合国长久以来所扮演的角色。我相信，过去几年发生的事件，让联合国在这些时代的角色越来越清晰。过去的一年里发生了一些重大事件，我相信这些事件很清楚地反映了联合国在这段时间内的职责。我认为，去年的种种事件更加明确了联合国的角色。我认为，过去一年所发生的事件更加清楚地表明联合国从成立以来所肩负的职责。B.1.2.参考译文我认为，一年来的事态发展更为清楚地显示出联合国在当代发挥的作用。B.2.实例2TheCharter,readasawhole,doesnotendowtheUnitedNationswithanyoftheattributesofasuper-StateorofabodyactiveoutsidetheframeworkofdecisionsofMemberGovernments.B.2.1.讲评译文整本《联合国宪章》并没有给予联合国超级大国的特权或一个成员国政府讨论框架之外的组织的特权。整部联合国宪章并未赋予联合国任何超级大国的特性，也未使其成为活跃于成员国达成的协议框架以外的组织。从整体上来看，《联合国宪章》没有赋予联合国以“超国家”的任何特性，也没有表明联合国是一个可以活跃游弋于成员国决策框架之外的组织。整体而言，《联合国宪章》并未将任何超越成员国决议框架的超级大国或组织可能具有的特性赋予联合国。从整体上来读联合国宪章，并未给予联合国任何特性，成为超级大国或是脱离会员国决议框架的活跃机构。《联合国宪章》通篇都没有提及赋予联合国任何超级大国的地位，或者凌驾于成员国决议范围之上的主动权利。B.2.2.参考译文《宪章》就其整体而言，并不赋予联合国某种属性，使其成为一个超国家或是一个超越会员国政府决策范围展开活动的机构。B.3.实例3TheUnitedNationsis,rather,aninstrumentfornegotiationamong,andtosomeextentfor,governments.B.3.1.讲评译文相反，联合国是各国政府谈判的一种手段，某种程度上是为了政府谈判而存在。联合国某种程度上更像是致力于政府间协商的组织。相反，联合国是政府间谈判的工具，从某种程度上讲，也是政府的工具。相反，联合国更像是政府间磋商，或者在某种程度上是为促成这种磋商而使用的工具。相反，联合国是各国政府之间谈判的手段，在某种意义上，为政府提供了这一手段。然而，联合国是各政府间协商的工具，并在一定程度上是为各政府而存在的工具。相反，联合国是各国政府进行谈判的一个媒介，或者从某种意义上来说，是促成各国政府进行谈判的一个媒介。因而联合国更倾向于是某种工具，致力于推动政府间谈判，乃至于在某种程度上专为各国政府提供服务。联合国是各国政