高翻学院翻译实例讲评(十四)A.原文全文B.理解错误C.用词须准确D.某些词语的用法E.行文必须通顺F.酌情改变译文结构,以求行文通顺G.参考译文全文A.原文全文1SinceextraditionisthedeliveryofanaccusedorconvictedindividualtotheStateonwhoseterritoryheisallegedtohavecommitted,ortohavebeenconvictedof,acrime,bytheStateonwhoseterritoryhehappensforthetimetobe,theobjectofextraditioncanbeanyindividual,whetherheisasubjectoftheprosecutingState,oroftheStatewhichisrequiredtoextraditehim,orofathirdState.ManyStates,however,suchasFranceandGermany,haveadoptedtheprincipleofneverextraditingoneoftheirownsubjectstoaforeignState,butthemselvespunishingtheirownsubjectsforgravecrimescommittedabroad.OtherStates,e.g.GreatBritain,havenotadoptedthisprinciple,and,intheabsenceoftreatyprovisionstothecontrary,makenodistinctionbetweentheirownsubjectsandotherpersonswhoareallegedtohavecommittedextraditablecrimesabroad.Thusin1879GreatBritainsurrenderedtoAustria,wherehewasconvictedandhanged,oneTourville,aBritishsubject,who,afterhavingmurderedhiswifeintheTyrol,hadfledhometoEngland.Theobjectofextraditionisanindividualwhoisallegedtohavecommittedacrimeabroad,whetherornothewasduringthecommissionofthecriminalactphysicallypresentontheterritoryoftheStatewherethecrimewascommitted.AconflictbetweenInternationalandMunicipalLawmayariseifacertainindividualmustbeextraditedaccordingtoanextraditiontreaty,butcannotbeextraditedaccordingtotheMunicipalLawoftheStatefromwhichextraditionisdemanded.A.原文全文2UnlessaStateisrestrictedbyanextraditionlaw,itcangrantextraditionforanycrimeitthinksfit.AndunlessaStateisboundbyanextraditiontreaty,itcanrefuseextraditionforanycrime.SuchStatesaspossessextraditionlawsframetheirextraditiontreatiesconformablytherewith,andspecifyinthosetreatiesallthosecrimesforwhichtheyarewillingtograntextradition.AndnopersonistobeextraditedwhosedeedisnotacrimeaccordingtotheCriminalLawoftheStatewhichisaskedtoextradite,aswellasoftheStatewhichdemandsextradition.However,itisnotwithintheprovinceofthecourtsoftherequestedStatetotrythecaseonitsmerits,butmerelytoascertainwhethertheevidencesubmittedjustifiesprimafaciejudicialproceedingsagainsttheaccused.Politicalcrimesare,asarule,notextradited,andaccordingtomanyextraditiontreaties,militarydesertersandpersonswhohavecommittedoffencesagainstreligionarelikewiseexcludedfromextradition.Extraditionisgrantedonlyifaskedfor,andaftertheformalitieshavetakenplacewhicharestipulatedinthetreatiesofextraditionandtheextraditionlaws,ifany.ItiseffectedthroughthehandingoverofthecriminalbythepoliceoftheextraditingStatetothepoliceoftheprosecutingState.Accordingtomostextraditiontreaties,itisaconditionofextraditionthatthesurrenderedindividualshallbetriedandpunishedforthosecrimesexclusivelyforwhichhisextraditionhasbeenaskedandgranted,orforthose,atleast,whichtheextraditiontreatyconcernedenumerates.If,nevertheless,anextraditedindividualistriedandpunishedforanothercrime,theextraditingStatehasarighttocomplain.B.理解错误B.1.实例1SinceextraditionisthedeliveryofanaccusedorconvictedindividualtotheStateonwhoseterritoryheisallegedtohavecommitted,ortohavebeenconvictedof,acrime,bytheStateonwhoseterritoryhehappensforthetimetobe,B.1.1.讲评译文引渡是指一国把正处在本国境内但被别国指控或判定有罪的人移交其犯下罪行或被判有罪的国家,引渡是将被告或已定罪的个人交付给犯罪行为发生地国,即犯罪行为发生时罪犯或已定罪的人碰巧所在的缔约国。引渡是指将受到指控或已被判刑之人由其所在的国家送至其被控犯罪或被判有罪的国家,由于引渡是指一国把在该国境内而被他国指控为犯罪或已被他国判刑的人移交给请求国审判或处罚,由于引渡是将被告或被定罪的人由当时该人所在的国家交给该人被指控或被宣判在某国领土上犯罪的这个国家,B.1.2.参考译文既然引渡是一个被控诉或被判罪的人由他所在的国家交给另一个他被认为在其领土内犯了罪或被判了罪的国家,B.2.实例2theobjectofextraditioncanbeanyindividual,whetherheisasubjectoftheprosecutingState,oroftheStatewhichisrequiredtoextraditehim,orofathirdState.B.2.1.讲评译文引渡的对象可以是任何个人,而不管他是否是请求国的公民,或要求引渡他的国家公民,或其他国家的公民。B.2.2.参考译文因此,引渡的客体可以是任何人,无论他是一个追诉的国家的国民,还是一个被请求引渡的国家的国民,或是一个第三国的国民。B.3.实例3ManyStates,however,suchasFranceandGermany,haveadoptedtheprincipleofneverextraditingoneoftheirownsubjectstoaforeignState,butthemselvespunishingtheirownsubjectsforgravecrimescommittedabroad.B.3.1.讲评译文然而有很多国家,例如法国和德国,原则上拒绝向别国引渡本国国民,但会惩罚在别国犯下罪行的本国国民。然而,许多缔约国,如法国和德国,都采用的是从不将本国国民引渡至国外,而是自行惩罚其公民在国外犯下的严重罪行的原则。但是包括法国和德国在内的很多国家原则上拒绝将本国国民引渡至外国,而由本国自身处罚本国国民在国外的重大犯罪。B.3.2.参考译文虽然许多国家,例如法国和德国,采取不引渡本国人民给外国而由它们自己惩治在国外犯严重罪行的本国人的原则,B.4.实例4OtherStates,e.g.GreatBritain,havenotadoptedthisprinciple,and,intheabsenceoftreatyprovisionstothecontrary,makenodistinctionbetweentheirownsubjectsandotherpersonswhoareallegedtohavecommittedextraditablecrimesabroad.B.4.1.讲评译文另一些国家,如英国,未采取这一原则,且不存在与其对立的条约规定,这些国家对待其本国国民和那些被指控在他国犯下符合引渡条件的罪行的人一视同仁。包括英国在内的其他国家则没有采纳上述原则,除非条约另有规定,这些国家不拒绝引渡被指控在国外实施可引渡犯罪行为的本国国民。而英国等国则没有采取这一原则,由于缺乏相应条约条款,这些国家对被控犯有需要引渡的罪行的本国国民和其他公民一视同仁。其他缔约国,如英国,没有采用该原则,而是在条约无相反规定时,一视同仁地对待本国公民和被控在外国有可引渡犯罪行为的公民。其他国家,如英国,并未奉行上述原则,由于其条约中缺少相反条款,英国引渡法中对其本国国民和被控在国外犯下可引渡罪行的个人的规定并无区别。B.4.2.参考译文其他国家,例如英国,并不采取这样的原则,因而,如果没有条约作相反的规定,对于被认为在国外犯了可引渡的罪行的本国人和其他国家的人不加任何区别。B.5.实例5Thusin1879GreatBritainsurrenderedtoAustria,wherehewasconvictedandhanged,oneTourville,aBritishsubject,who,afterhavingmurderedhiswifeintheTyrol,hadfledhometoEngland.B.5.1.讲评译文1879年,一个出生于图维尔的英国人在奥地利提洛尔谋杀了妻子后逃回英国,后奥地利判定其有罪并处以绞刑,英国最终承认这一判决。1879年,英国将一名叫图尔维尔的英国公民引渡至奥地利,图尔维尔在提洛尔(奥地利西部区域)谋杀了其妻子后逃回英格兰老