AASHTO-M320

TS-2bM320-1AASHTOStandardSpecificationforPerformance-GradedAsphaltBinderAASHTODesignation:M320-051.SCOPEThisspecificationcoversasphaltbindersgradedbyperformance.Gradingdesignationsarerelatedtotheaverageseven-daymaximumpavementdesignandminimumpavementdesigntemperatures.ThisspecificationcontainsTable1andTable2.Table2incorporatesPP42fordeterminingthecriticallowcrackingtemperatureusingacombinationofT313andT314testprocedures.Ifnotableisspecified,thedefaultisTable1.Note1—Forasphaltcementsgradedbypenetrationat25°C,seeM20.Forasphaltcementsgradedbyviscosityat60°C,seeM226.Note2—R29providesinformationfordeterminingtheperformancegradeofanasphaltbinder.2.REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS2.1.AASHTOStandards:M20,Penetration-GradedAsphaltCementM226,Viscosity-GradedAsphaltCementPP28,SuperpaveVolumetricDesignforHot-MixAsphalt(HMA)M323,SuperpaveVolumetricMixDesignPP42,DeterminationofLow-TemperaturePerformanceGrade(PG)ofAsphaltBindersR28,AcceleratedAgingofAsphaltBinderUsingaPressurizedAgingVessel(PAV)R29,GradingorVerifyingthePerformanceGradeofanAsphaltBinderR35,SuperpaveVolumetricDesignforHot-MixAsphalt(HMA)T40,SamplingBituminousMaterialsT44,SolubilityofBituminousMaterialsT48,FlashandFirePointsbyClevelandOpenCupT55,WaterinPetroleumProductsandBituminousMaterialsbyDistillationT240,EffectofHeatandAironaMovingFilmofAsphalt(RollingThin-FilmOvenTest)T313,DeterminingtheFlexuralCreepStiffnessofAsphaltBinderUsingtheBendingBeamRheometer(BBR)T314,DeterminingtheFracturePropertiesofAsphaltBinderinDirectTensionT315,DeterminingtheRheologicalPropertiesofAsphaltBinderUsingaDynamicShearRheometer(DSR)T316,ViscosityDeterminationofAsphaltBinderUsingRotationalViscometer2.2.ASTMStandards:D8,StandardTerminologyRelatingtoMaterialsforRoadsandPavementsD5546,StandardTestMethodforSolubilityofAsphaltBindersinToluenebyCentrifugeTS-2bM320-2AASHTO3.TERMINOLOGY3.1.Definitions:3.1.1.DefinitionsformanytermscommontoasphaltbinderarefoundinASTMD8.3.1.2.asphaltbinder—anasphalt-basedcementthatisproducedfrompetroleumresidueeitherwithorwithouttheadditionofnon-particulateorganicmodifiers.4.ORDERINGINFORMATION4.1.Whenorderingunderthisspecification,includeinthepurchaseordertheperformancegrade(PG)ofasphaltbinderrequiredandthetableused(e.g.,PG52-16,Table1orPG64-34,Table2).Ifnotableisspecified,thedefaultisTable1.4.2.AsphaltbindergradesmaybeselectedbyfollowingtheproceduresdescribedinM323andR35.5.MATERIALSANDMANUFACTURE5.1.Asphaltbindershallbepreparedbytherefiningofcrudepetroleumbysuitablemethods,withorwithouttheadditionofmodifiers.5.2.Modifiersmaybeanyorganicmaterialofsuitablemanufacturethatisusedinvirginorrecycledconditionandthatisdissolved,dispersedorreactedinasphaltbindertoenhanceitsperformance.5.3.Theasphaltbindershallbehomogeneous,freefromwateranddeleteriousmaterials,andshallnotfoamwhenheatedto175°C.5.4.Theasphaltbindershallbeatleast99.0percentsolubleasdeterminedbyT44orASTMD5546.5.5.Thisspecificationisnotapplicableforasphaltbindersinwhichfibersorotherdiscreteparticlesarelargerthan250μminsize.5.6.ThegradesofasphaltbindershallconformtotherequirementsgiveninTable1orTable2.Table1—Performance-GradedAsphaltBinderSpecificationPG46PG52PG58PG64PerformanceGrade344046101622283440461622283440101622283440Average7-daymaximumpavementdesigntemperature,°Ca46525864Minimumpavementdesigntemperature,°Ca–34–40–46–10–16–22–28–34–40–46–16–22–28–34–40–10–16–22–28–34–40OriginalBinderFlashpointtemp,T48,minimum°C230Viscosity,T316:bmaximum3Pa·s,testtemp,°C135Dynamicshear,T315:cG*/sinδ,dminimum1.00kPatesttemp@10rad/s,°C46525864RollingThin-FilmOvenResidue(T240)Masschange,emaximum,percent1.00Dynamicshear,T315:G*/sinδ,dminimum2.20kPatesttemp@10rad/s,°C46525864PressureAgingVesselResidue(R28)PAVagingtemperature,°Cf9090100100Dynamicshear,T315:G*sinδ,dmaximum5000kPatesttemp@10rad/s,°C107425221916131072522191613312825221916Creepstiffness,T313:gS,maximum300MPam-value,minimum0.300testtemp@60s,°C–24–30–360–6–12–18–24–30–36–6–12–18–24–300–6–12–18–24–30Directtension,T314:gFailurestrain,minimum1.0%testtemp@1.0mm/min,°C–24–30–360–6–12–18–24–30–36–6–12–18–24–300–6–12–18–24–30aPavementtemperaturesareestimatedfromairtemperaturesusinganalgorithmcontainedintheLTPPBindprogram,maybeprovidedbythespecifyingagency,orbyfollowingtheproceduresasoutlinedinM323andR35.bThisrequirementmaybewaivedatthediscretionofthespecifyingagencyifthesupplierwarrantsthattheasphaltbindercanbeadequatelypumpedandmixedattemperaturesthatmeetallapplicablesafetystandards.cForqualitycontrolofunmodifiedasphaltbinderproduction,measurementoftheviscosityoftheoriginalasphaltbindermaybeusedtosupplementdynamicshearmeasurementsofG*/sinδattesttemperatureswheretheasphaltisaNewtonianfluid.dG*/sinδ=hightemperaturestiffnessandG*sinδ=intermediatetemperaturestiffness.eThemasschangeshallbelessthan1.00percentforeitherapositive(massgain)oranegative(massloss)change.fThePAVagingtemperatureisbasedonsimulatedclimaticconditionsandisoneofthreetemperatures,90°C,100°C,or110°C.NormallythePAVagingtemperatureis100°CforPG58-xxandabove.However,indesertclim