重庆市地方猪猪皮品质测定周勤飞1王永才1郭宗义2白小青2陶可1(1西南大学荣昌校区养兔实验室,重庆荣昌402460;2重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆荣昌402460)摘要随机选取荣昌猪、罗盘山猪、合川黑猪、渠溪黑猪和盆周山地猪的成年猪各10头,屠宰剥皮后测定猪皮的面积、厚度、拉伸负荷、拉伸强度、断裂负荷、断裂应力和断裂伸长率等指标。结果表明:各品猪的皮板面积均在1m2以上,各品种间差异不显著(p0.05);合川黑猪猪皮的平均厚度最低,极显著低于荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪猪皮(p0.01),渠溪黑猪猪皮厚度显著低于荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪猪皮(p0.05),各品种猪皮的平均厚度顺序为:荣昌猪罗盘山猪盆周山地猪渠溪黑猪合川黑猪;荣昌猪猪皮的平均拉伸负荷显著高于合川黑猪猪皮(p0.05),极显著高于渠溪黑猪猪皮(p0.01),各品种猪皮拉伸负荷的顺序为:荣昌猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪合川黑猪渠溪黑猪;各品种猪皮平均拉伸强度的顺序为:荣昌猪合川黑猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪渠溪黑猪;荣昌猪猪皮的平均断裂负荷显著高于合川黑猪猪皮(p0.05),极显著高于渠溪黑猪猪皮(p0.01),盆周山地猪猪皮的平均断裂负荷显著高于渠溪黑猪猪皮(p0.05),各品种猪皮的平均断裂负荷的顺序为:荣昌猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪合川黑猪渠溪黑猪;各品种猪皮的平均断裂应力的顺序为:荣昌猪盆周山地猪合川黑猪罗盘山猪渠溪黑猪;渠溪黑猪猪皮的平均伸长率显著高于荣昌猪猪皮(p0.05),合川黑猪和盆周山地猪猪皮的平均伸长率极显著高于荣昌猪猪皮(p0.01),各品种猪皮的平均伸长率的顺序为:合川黑猪渠溪黑猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪荣昌猪。关键词重庆市地方猪种猪皮品质测定PigskinQualityDeterminationofChongqingLocalPigZHOUQinfei1WANGYongcai1GUOZhongyi2BAIXiaoqing2TAOKe1(1.RabbitBreedingLaboratory,SouthwestUniversityRongchangCampus,Chongqing402460;2.ChongqingAcademyofAnimalScience,Chongqing400039)AbstractAdultRongchangPig,LuopanshanPig,HechuanBlackPig,QuxiBlackPigandPengzhousandiPigwererandomlyselected10todeterminatpigskinarea,thickness,tensileload,tensilestrength,fractureload,fracturestressandfractureelongation.Theresultsas:thepigskinareaofallthespeciesexceeded1m2,andnodifferenceamongthespecies(p0.05);theaveragethicknessofHechuanBlackPigskinwerethelowest,lowerthanRongchangPig’s,PengzhousandiPig’sandLuopansanPig’s(p0.01),andtheaveragethicknessofQuxiBlackPigskinwerelowerthanRongchangPig’s,PengzhousandiPig’sandLuopansanPig’s(p0.05),theaveragethicknessofpigskinorderwere:RongchangPigLuopansanpigPengzhousandiPigQuxiBlackPigHechuanBlackPig;theaveragetensileloadofRongchangPigskinwashigherthanHechuanBlackPig’s(p0.05)andtheQuxiBlackPig’s(p0.01),theaveragetensileloadofpigskinorderwere:RongchnagPigPengzhousandiPigLuopansanPigHechuanBlackPigQuxiBlackPig;theaveragetensilestrengthofpigskinorderwere:RongchangPigHechuanBlackPigPengzhousandiPigLuopansanPigQuxiBlackPig;theaveragefractureloadofRongchangpigskinwashigherthanHechuanPig’s(p0.05)andQuxiBlackPig’s(p0.01),theaveragefractureloadofPengzhousandiPigskinwashigherthanQuxiBlackPig’s(p0.05),theaveragefractureloadofpigskinorderwere:RongchangPigPengzhousandiPigLuopansanPigHechuanBlackPigQuxiBlackPig;theaveragestressfractureofpigskinorderwere:RongchagnPigPengzhousandiPigHechuanBlackPigLuopansanPigQuxiBlackPig;theaveragefractureelongationofQuxiBlackPigskinwashigherthanRongchangPig’s(p0.05),theaveragefractureelongationofHechuanPigandPengzhousandiPig’spigskinwerehigherthanRongchangPig’s(p0.01),theaveragefractureelongationorderwere:HechuanBlackPigQuxiBblackPigPengzhousandiPigLuopansanPigRongchangPig.KeywordsChongqingLocalPigsPigskinQualityDetermination中国的猪皮资源丰富,猪皮也是中国制革工业中最主要的原料皮。由于猪的产地、分布、品种形成、特征和特性、杂交利用等各不相同,猪皮品质亦不相同,差别悬殊。即使同猪种的猪皮,由于猪的生长期和性别的差异,以及产地开剥收购季节不相同,其品质也有差异。本次对重庆地区各地方品种猪皮品质测定,旨在为重庆市猪皮的收购、制革等提供照考依据,同时也丰富了重庆市猪地方品种在皮张方面的一些相关数据。1材料与方法2006年10~12月在屠宰场随机选取荣昌猪、罗盘山猪、合川黑猪、渠溪黑猪和盆周山地猪等地方品种的成年猪。1.1取样方法按常规方法在屠宰前16小时停食,自由饮水。采用心脏刺杀法屠宰后剥皮,测量猪皮面积后在颈部、背部、臀部和腹部分别取样。1.2测定项目猪皮面积、厚度、拉伸负荷、拉伸强度、断裂负荷、断裂应力和断裂伸长率。1.3测定仪器皮尺、游标卡尺、长春市泰和试验机有限公司生产WDW-5K型微电子控制万能试验机。1.4测定方法参照QB/T2710-2005《皮革物理和机械试验抗张强度和伸长率的测定》进行。2试验结果表1重庆市地方猪猪皮面积(Cm2)荣昌猪渠溪黑猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪合川黑猪面积14089.75±4142.3715004.35±870.5115236.57±579.7615114.92±737.7115531.19±591.24从表1可以看出,各地方品种的皮张面积都很大,每个品种的平均面积都在1m2以上,且品种间差异不显著(p0.05)。表2重庆市地方猪猪皮厚度(Cm)背部颈部臀部腹部平均CV(%)样本数荣昌猪0.59±0.15A0.48±0.07aA0.59±0.07a0.28±0.030.49±0.15aA31.1910渠溪黑猪0.50±0.40±0.55±0.27±0.43±29.62100.08B0.04bAB0.09a0.060.13bAB盆周山地猪0.59±0.14A0.47±0.13aAB0.56±0.14a0.28±0.090.48±0.18aA36.6210罗盘山猪0.59±0.10A0.45±0.09aAB0.58±0.11a0.25±0.060.48±0.16aA33.8210合川黑猪0.41±0.10B0.37±0.09bB0.45±0.11b0.24±0.060.37±0.12bB31.1910注:表中同列肩标字母相同者表示差异不显著(p0.05),小写字母不同者表示差异显著(p0.05),大写字母不同者表示差异极显著(p0.01)。以下各表同。从表2可以看出,荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪背部皮的厚度极显著高于渠溪黑猪和合川黑猪(p0.01);盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪颈部皮厚度显著高于渠溪黑猪和合川黑猪(p0.05),荣昌猪颈部皮厚度显著高于渠溪黑猪(p0.05),极显著高于合川黑猪(p0.01);臀部皮厚度以合川黑猪最低,显著低于其余四个品种(p0.05);腹部皮厚度各品种间差异不显著(p0.05);猪皮平均厚度合川黑猪最低,极显著低于荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪猪皮(p0.01),渠溪黑猪猪皮厚显著低于荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪猪皮(p0.05)。各品种猪皮的平均厚度顺序为:荣昌猪罗盘山猪盆周山地猪渠溪黑猪合川黑猪。表3重庆市地方猪猪皮拉伸负荷(N)背部颈部臀部腹部平均CV(%)样本数荣昌猪641.71±237.25A576.57±109.36aA623.23±125.32a129.74±95.03496.98±258.05aA51.9210渠溪黑猪485.53±260.84B307.30±128.42cB511.65±127.43b191.33±115.93372.21±212.39bB57.0610盆周山地猪645.83±208.17A441.36±196.64bAB626.27±209.55a152.58±139.81470.12±272.51abAB57.9710罗盘山猪615.22±232.68A384.96±244.85bcB615.95±202.58ab121.91±71.64449.39±281.60abAB62.6610合川黑猪378.82±183.73B274.69±189.48cB656.83±151.08a181.58±59.94383.05±235.35bAB61.4410从表3可知,荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和罗盘山猪背部猪皮拉伸负荷极显著高于渠溪黑猪(p0.01);荣昌猪颈部皮拉伸负荷显著高于盆周山地猪(p0.05),极显著高于渠溪黑猪、罗盘山猪和合川黑猪(p0.01),盆周山地猪显著高于渠溪黑猪和罗盘山猪(p0.05);荣昌猪、盆周山地猪和合川黑猪的臀部皮拉抻负荷显著高于渠溪黑猪(p0.05);荣昌猪猪皮的平均拉伸负荷显著高于合川黑猪猪皮(p0.05),极显著高于渠溪黑猪猪皮(p0.01)。各品种猪皮拉伸负荷的顺序为:荣昌猪盆周山地猪罗盘山猪合川黑猪渠溪黑猪。表4重庆市地方猪猪皮拉伸强度(N/Cm2)背部颈部臀部腹部平均CV(%)样本数荣昌猪112.89±42.59122.93±28.35aA109.76±35.08bB44.48±31.0398.13±45.9846.8610渠溪黑猪95.96±45.0780.00±36.50bcAB97.11±34.97bB70.63±41.2285.78±40.5047.2210盆周山地猪113.70±37.5596.91±42.87bAB11