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春天还会远吗?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,现在完成时态Winterhasalreadycome.现在完成时的构成形式havedonehas助动词过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别1.Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---He____________fromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Thefilm____________for30minutes.•8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.•---He________a____forayear.•---He____________thearmyforayear.•---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.•8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.•9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.•10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.•---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.•---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.•---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.