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2004l25lChineseTranslatorsJoumalJa.,2004Vol.25N.Ol··(,):。,,。:Aixeld;;;;:Ho59:A:1000873X(2004)01001806ACritiealIntroduetiontoAixel6’5StrategiesforTranslatingCultUresPeeiifcItemsChangNamFung(DePartmentofTranslation,LingnanUniversiyt,TunMun,HongoKng)Abstraet:AixeldhasidentiifedelevenytPesofsatrtegiesforatrnslatingeultuersPeeiifeitems.MoerdetailedandeomPerhensivethanhtoseexistinginChina,htistaxonomyamybeadaPtedotsevreasaafrmeworkofrdeseirPtivestudiesofEgnlishChinesetranslationandasaguideofratrnsliatonPareitee.Keywords:Aixeld;eulturesPeeiifcitems:translationstrategies:deseriPtion;translationPraetiee··(JvaierFraneoAixeld)(eulturespeeiifeitem),。、。,,,,,。(,1997)。,“[],”,“”:l、,“,”。2、,,“VCD”。3、。4、,“”。5、,“asstrongasahorse”“”。6、,,“dissident”“”,“90Dut。h”“”,,“”、“”。7、,():20030810:20030918,“goingstraight”“”“”(,1997:4·8)。“”。“”(eulturaldefault),“”“”(,1997:55)。,“”,:1、:,。,,、;。2、:,,“”“”。;,。3、:,“Milkyway”“”。,,。4、:。,,。5、:,;(,1997:5859)。,。,“,”;“..”,“”“”,“”(,1997:59)。、。:,,(Aixeld,1996:58)。,、(Aixel1996:57)。,,,,.,,(Aixeld,1996:58)。·(DashiellHammett)((}}(TheMalteseFaleon),,“”。,,,,“”“(Aixeld,1996:5253,60)。(,):1、:。2、:。3、():。4、:,,,、、、。5、:,,。6、:,。7、:。8、:。9、:。10、。11、,。(Aixeld,1996:6164),,,(+)、()、(,“”,“”,,),,(Aixeld,1996:6465)。,:1、,、、、、。2、,、、。3、,、、,。4、,,(Aix。ld,1996:6570)。、《,》:1:It’5ageratPolicy.AnewdealforBritain.IshalleallitmyGarndDesign.Hacker’5GrandDesign.1aleradyhvaenotesformyHouseofCommonssPeechinwhieh1shalloutlinethewholeeoneePt:“Formtimetotime,inourgeratislandstoyr,itafllstoonemantoleadhisPeoPleoutofthevalleyofhteshadowsandintothebroadsunlituPlandsofPeaeeandroeriyt.”(LynnandJay,1989:69.),,,,,,。,,,:〔:]。〔:l。(,1993:74)2:1.Takesomeone’5ideasay,aehaPwhobelievesthateducationsubsidiesshouldbefunnelledhtroughhetParentsarhterhtanthroughtheLoealEdueationAuhtoriyt.2.Slmplifyittohtepointofabsduriyt“HebelievesinaeomPletefereforall”.3.Admittherewassometurhtinitonee.“Butwe’vealleralisedhtathteer15alessextremewayofsolvinghetPorblem”..4Labelhimiwhthteidaeeveyrtlmeihsname15mentione.d“Ahyes,theedueationalvouehersman.”(364)1.,,。2.,。3.。“,..2004l,。”4.,:“,。”。(419)··,,,。3:+WerethereeaPitaltransferstoLiehtenstein[sie]eompanies?(357)?’2,“,,。(410,438)。,;,。4:wordsofonesyllable(16)(10)5:“No,iftheytwanythingitwillbesalamitaeties.”[aSalmitactieswastheJesertioneustomairlygivenotlieebysliee”manoeuvres,i.e.,norafullsealeinvasionofthe`t,burtheanxeationofonesmallPieeeataitme.[Ed.](66)“。。”〔:,。··…」」(71)。“salamitactiCs”(),J,。“”,。6:He15themostAanOIokingehaPI,veeverseentall,slim,blondratherattraetiveaeutally,[…」(170.EmPhasisadded.)、。“Aryanlooking”(),。,(203)。7:()()。(438)2“”,,。,(O·)。,“”。:8:()“Haveyoueonsidered…masterlyinaetivity?”(77)“……?”(83),,,“commuinst”,,:9:[tBerlinwasanisalndofthestGemraneFdearlRePubile,sixilesinsl’dehteborderofhteeGanDemo-eratieRePublie.aDemoeratieinthiseonrext,naturallym“anscommunistEd.](67)【:··…l“”。](71),,。、“politiican”,,,;,“”,“”,。,。,,。,,“poilitoian”“”,:10[Haeker’likemanyPolitieians,wasaPPaerntlyunabletodistinguishbetween“Urgent”and“Important”.[…]Ed.](9)【:(,“”),“”“”。」(1),〔statesmen151“thewordthatPoliticiansusetodeseribethemselves”(86),,(97)。“+”,,,。。、,,、、。,。1、。,,(),()。,。,“”“”,。.,,。,,,“”“”①,。《,》,,,。,。,(、、)。。,(),。,“”,。“”,。,,。,,。,,。,,“”。,“”,“”,。“”,。“”,(Aixeld,1996:64)。,,,“”,“”,“”、“”;②。,(、、)、、、,(),、(、),。,,、、、、,。,(),,;()();(、、、),③。,。,,“”,“ICU”“AT&T”(,1997:4),,。“”“”,,“HerculepoirottIJ”(,1997:4)。,“”“”,“”“”,“”“”;,“”,(l);“”,“”。“”,“”、“”、“”。,,“”“”,“”、“”、“”“”。2、,。,。,,。,,。。,。,,,。,,,,,,“、”(,2002:25)。,,“”。“”,,、“”,。,。,,,“”“”,“”④。,,。,,,,,。,,,,。,。3、,(soureeorionted)(targetoriented)。(Toury,1995:8253),:.200411、“”2、3、:4、,,。,。,:,,“”;,;,,“”。,。4、、,。“”,。“”,“”,。,;,,(,1997:1)。,。,,,,(2002:43):,,,,,。,“”。,。,,。“a,strongasahorse”,,,,;“”,,。,。,,,,。,“”,;“”,,。“”,“”。,:,、。9“。。mmuinst”,,“”.,,。(1998),、、③,,。,(),,。,,。,,,,,,。、(DirkDelabastita)(,2003),,。,,,,。,:1、“”“”,⑥。2、“”()⑦,,“”()⑧,:11Cubaholdssomeoftheworld’5longestsevringPolitiealrPisonesr,AmnesytIntemationalsiadhTursday.“Severalhundred”areservingatleast15yearsandsomearesevring20years,theLondonbasedhumanirghtsgrouPstated.ThisPutstheCaribbeanstateinthesameelassasCameorunandParaguay,itsiad.hTeindendeinogranizationhasmadePolitiealPrisonersaroundhteworlditssPeeialCollCer】1.,(Cuba,theCaribbeanState),(AmnesytIntemational,hteLondonbasedhumirghtsgroup,it,theindependentoanization)。,,,。,。,,,“th。earibbeanstate”“”。.,it“”;,;,:“,,”。3、“”“”;,,“”。4、“”。,。,。,,,,“”(Lefevere,1992:101)。,。,“”,,。,。(),、、,,,,,,。,,()。,(),,。“”,,,。,“CanadianofChinesedeseent”,“ChineseCanadian”,“CanadianCitizen”,,,;,“”,“”,,。,。,,,,,、。,,。,。,。、,,。,。,,,,。,,。①“hteetxt”,“ht。soureetext”。②,,。③(),,,“HerculePioort”“”,。,.,。④,《,》,,“”(Chang,1998)。“”“”。,“”“”。,,。⑤,,,,“”。⑥,,“”“”,。⑦。⑧“”“”。【l].[lJ.2002,:51923.【2].【A』.,1997.【3].:【J].,2002,l:4044.4[]..,l997,:655.【5].[lJ.,1998,:56.96[〕.:?[J].,2002,5:2426.【7]().,〔M』.:,1993.18].Delabasitat[.J],2003,l:3036.[9]Aixeld,JvaierFanreo.CultureSPeeiifeltemsinTanrslaiton.[A].RomanvAaerzandM.eamrenAifreavidaleds,nsal“,OPwerluSbvesrion[C].Clevedon:MuiltlingUalMattesr,1996,52-78.[10]ChangNamFung.PolitiesandPoetiesinTarnsliaton:AeeountingofraChineseVersionof“YesPrimeMinister”