高考英语短文改错解题技巧2015.12.10ZhongXiaojing高考短文改错命题特点1.词数在100-120词左右;2.以书信、日记、记叙文为主;3.短文为学生生活中常见话题或身边事;4.以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主。考点解析一、名词重点考查名词单复数的误用,名词的格,名词前需不需要加冠词等。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.【析】air此处意思为空气,为不可数名词,因此airs应改为air。二、动词重点考查时态和语态(尤其是上下文时态的一致性)、主谓一致,非谓语动词形式的混用,情态动词的运用等;其中一般过去时的考查最频繁,2011-2015年五年中的四年均考查该时态。【例1】(2015年新课标I卷)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.【析】根据whenIwasachild可知是作者过去的想法,因此think应改为过去式thought。【例2】Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.【析】研究结果表明…,因此havebeenshow应改为主动形式haveshown。三、形容词和副词重点考查形容词和副词的混用,比较级和最高级的运用,名词误用成形容词等。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.【析】修饰名词应用形容词,seriously是副词,因此应改为serious。四、冠词重点考查定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的区别,冠词的固定短语,不定冠词a和an的区别等。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.【析】inthecountryside在乡村,为冠词的惯用法,因此,countryside前面应增加定冠词the。五、代词重点考查人称代词的格、数及前后所指代的是否一致,形容词性代词和名词性代词的混用,不定代词之间的区别等。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.【析】前文提及环境遭到污染,此处提出建议我们要保护(我们的)环境,因此your应改为our,此处既考查了代词前后指代的一致性,又考查了上下文逻辑。六、介词重点考查介词在短语中的搭配,介词惯用法,介词的漏用和多用等。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.【析】表达“随着……”的短语中,介词应用with,因此on应改为with。七、连词重点考查连词的并用、选择、递进、转折等区别,重点理顺句意的表达;连词的考查往往结合句法的考查,其中并列句的考查最频繁,其次是状语从句,再是名词性从句。【例】(2015年新课标I卷)Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.【析】此句为并列句,前后句同为对家乡过去的描述,为并列关系,因此or应改为and。设错方式需要注意的四不改短文改错做题中的常见疑问1.看不出句子有错,感觉越读越对;2.看出句子有错,但不知道怎么改正;短文改错的失分原因1、考生基础知识不够扎实全面、语法功底不够深厚,对英汉两种语言表达上的差异不甚清楚,使用时频频出现“中式英语”。2、对高考短文改错题的命题方向缺乏了解,因而答题时缺乏经验,思考的针对性、方向性很差。积累技巧近三年高考短文改错考查知识点时间考点分布冠词被动语态非谓语动词时态介词名词主谓一致动词搭配副词形容词从句代词连词20131111221120141221121201511111212短文改错的常见错误1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。2、名词的数与格的误用。3、主谓不一致的错误。4、代词的指代不一致的错误。5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。6、非谓语动词的误用。7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。8、关联词语的误用。9、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。10、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错的解题步骤1、通读短文,把握文意。快速阅读短文,了解短文大意,切忌拿到短文提笔就改。2、先易后难,逐类排查。先找出比较明显的错误,逐步缩小错误的范围。3、利用行文逻辑,突破改错难点。有些行文逻辑错误,从词法、句法的角度看是正确的,但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的。4、复读短文,检查答案,注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理。考点应对策略归纳1.抓主语,看谓语,主谓关系要统一(语态、时态、语气、形式需考虑)1)AnEnglishladywasfinallydecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.2)Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.3)Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.4)Ofcourse,whenmymotherwasasked,“Haveyou…”5)Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.6)CharlesandLindawereseeingnearthetopofthebuilding.keptarereadseen2.关注名词性质,弄清可数与否。名词具有受限性,限制修饰要重视。1)KatecovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.2)…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.3)Goodhealthisperson’smostvaluablepossession.4)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.5)Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.6)Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.7)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.8)Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimessoon.awatertimeslibrariestimelightssubjects3.注意代词的指代是否明确,确保指代一致。1)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?”2)Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.3)Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4)IlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedme.5)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.theymyselftheirwe4.英汉词性易混乱,形、副、名、介较常见,成分关系是关键。形作定表,副作状,名词功能不能忘。1.Hecamebacklatelylastnight.2.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.3.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.4.Charlessaid,“AssoonasIseearealtallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.5.Hepracticedhardandpastthedriving-test.6.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytime.7.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.8.Thebeautifulofthelakeattractsusalot.latequietangrilyreallypassedwonderfulUnfortunatelybeauty5.检验连接词语,分辨前后逻辑关系。1.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.2.ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.3.ItisaveryimportantexambutIcan’taffordtofailit.4.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.5.ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasgivenwaytoasupermarket.Besidesthebookstorenexttoourmiddleschoolisstillthere.6.I’dliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestorpracticingmyEnglishaswell.butandandandButand6.介词也需谨慎看,搭配错误较常见。1.Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.2.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.3.AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.4.Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,Ifindthat…5.AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,we’dliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.6.,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.7.…sothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.offorOnfromwithwithpopular7.非谓语动词是热门考点,多检验主被动关系。1.Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycanmakesure…2.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.3.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.4.Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.5.Lookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.6.Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.7.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…tovisitedtalkingbecomehearingtalkingPlaying1.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.2.Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyE