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专题五文化教育型阅读专题五文化教育型阅读理解专题导读专题五│专题导读文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。专题五│专题导读这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1)采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。(2)先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。(3)重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Mainidea型；一类是Topic或Title型。真题典例专题五│真题典例【2011·广东卷】Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Twothirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.专题五│真题典例However,itwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘Dog’，anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘Cat’．专题五│真题典例What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon’tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.专题五│真题典例()1.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．earlyB．sweetlyC．quicklyD．smoothly()2.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A．theyarecoldtoeachotherB．theylookawayfromeachotherC．theymisunderstandeachother’ssignalsD．theyareintroducedatanearlyage()3.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A．Theyeatandsleeptogether.B．Theyobserveeachother’sbehaviors.C．Theylearntospeakeachother’slanguage.D．Theyknowsomethingfromeachother’svoices.专题五│真题典例()4.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A．havecommoninterestsB．arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC．haveacommonbodylanguageD．arelessintelligentthanwasexpected()5.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A．Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B．Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C．Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D．Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.专题五│真题典例【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。1．D词义猜测题。由第一段“Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess...”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处，因此意义最接近的是D项。2．C细节理解题。根据第二段“whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.”可知选C。专题五│真题典例3．C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.”可知选C。4．B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.”可知选B。5．A推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。专题五│新题预测(一)Afewyearsago,ItookasightseeingtriptoWashington，D.C.StandingoutsidetheRonaldReaganCenter,Iheardavoicesay,“Canyouhelpme？”WhenIturnedaround,Isawanelderlyblindwomanwithherhandextended(伸展)．Inanaturalreflex(反射),Ireachedintomypocket,pulledoutallofmyloosechangeandplaceditonherhandwithoutevenlookingather.Iwasannoyedatbeingbotheredbyabeggar.Buttheblindwomansmiledandsaid,“Idon’twantyourmoney.Ijustneedhelpfindingthepostoffice.”新题预测专题五│新题预测Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddone.IjudgedanotherpersonsimplyforwhatIassumedshehadtobe.IhatedwhatIsawinmyself.Thisincidentreawakenedmybeliefinhumility(谦恭),eventhoughI’dlostitforamoment.ThethingIhadforgottenaboutmyselfisthatIamanimmigrant(移民)．IleftHondurasandarrivedintheU．S.attheageof15.Istartedmynewlifewithtwosuitcases,mybrotherandsister,andastrong,serious-mindedmother.Throughtheyears,Ihavebeenadishwasher,mechanicandpizzadeliverydriveramongmanyotherhumble(卑微的)jobs,andeventuallyIbecameanetworkengineer.专题五│新题预测Inmyownlife,Ihaveexperiencedmanyopenactsofprejudice.Irememberatime,atage17,Iworkedasawaiter,andIheardafathertellhislittleboythatifhedidnotdowellinschool,hewouldenduplikeme.Ihavealsowitnessedthesametreatmentofmyfamilyandfriends,soIknowwhatit’slike,andIshouldhaveknownbetter.Butnow,livinginmyAmericanmiddleclasslifestyle,itistooeasytoforgetmypast,toforgetwhoIamandwhereIhavebeen,andtolosesightofwhereIwanttobegoing.ThatblindwomanonthestreetsofWashington，D.C.,curedmeofmyblindness.Sheremindedmeofmybeliefinhumilityandtoalwayskeepmyeyesandheartopen.Bytheway,Ihelpedthatladytothepostoffice.Andinw