Alex-Haley

Born:August11,1921Ithaca,NewYork,U.S.Died:February10,1992(aged70)Seattle,Washington,U.S.Haley'sfatherwasSimonHaley,aprofessorofagricultureatAlabamaA&MUniversity.Alexwastheoldestofthreebrothersandasister.HaleylivedwithhisfamilyinTennessee,beforereturningtoIthacawithhisfamilywhenhewasfiveyearsold.AlexHaleywasenrolledatage15inAlcornStateUniversity,ahistoricallyblackcollege,and,ayearlater,enrolledatElizabethCityStateCollege,alsohistoricallyblack,inNorthCarolina.Thefollowingyearhereturnedtohisfatherandstepmothertotellthemhehadwithdrawnfromcollege.HisfatherfeltthatAlexneededdisciplineandgrowth,andconvincedhimtoenlistinthemilitarywhenheturned18.OnMay24,1939,AlexHaleybeganwhatbecamea20-yearcareerwiththeUnitedStatesCoastGuardDuringhisenlistmenthewasoftenpaidbyothersailorstowriteloveletterstotheirgirlfriends.HesaidthatthegreatestenemyheandhiscrewfacedduringtheirlongvoyageswasnottheJapaneseforcesbutratherboredom.AfterretiringfromtheU.S.CoastGuard,Haleybegananotherphaseofhisjournalismcareer.HeeventuallybecameasenioreditorforReader‘sDigestmagazine(读者文摘杂志).TheAutobiographyofMalcolmXTheAutobiographyofMalcolmX,publishedin1965,wasHaley‘sfirstbook.RootsIn1976,HaleypublishedRoots,hespent10yearswrotethisnovelwhichthroughsevengenerations.ThebooklaterwonthePulitzerPrize.Rootswaseventuallypublishedin37languages.HaleywonaspecialPulitzerPrizefortheworkin1977.Thesameyear,RootswasadaptedasapopulartelevisionminiseriesofthesamenamebyABC.Theserialreachedarecord-breaking130millionviewers.RootsemphasizedthatAfricanAmericanshavealonghistoryandthatnotallofthathistoryisnecessarilylost.LiterarycareerHaleydiedofaheartattackonFebruary10,1992,attheageof70.AndwasburiedbesidehisboyhoodhomeinHenningTennessee.AlexHaleymarriedNannieBranchin1941,andtheyremainedmarriedfor13yearsbeforedivorcingin1954.Thatsameyear,hemarriedJulietteCollins;theysplitin1972.HelatermarriedMyraLewis,towhomheremainedmarriedforthedurationofhislife.Haleyhadthreechildren,asonandtwodaughtersThePulitzerPrizeisanawardforachievementsinnewspaperandonlinejournalism,literature,andmusicalcompositionintheUnitedStates.Itwasestablishedin1917byHungarian-AmericanpublisherJosephPulitzer.Prizesareawardedyearlyintwenty-onecategories.Intwentyofthese,eachwinnerreceivesacertificateandaUS$10,000cashaward.Thewinnerinthepublicservicecategoryofthejournalismcompetitionisawardedagoldmedal.AnEmmyAward,recognizesexcellenceinthetelevisionindustry,andcorrespondstotheAcademyAward(forfilm),theTonyAward(fortheatre),andtheGrammyAward.BecauseEmmyAwardsaregiveninvarioussectorsoftheAmericantelevisionindustry,theyarepresentedindifferentannualceremoniesheldthroughouttheyear.ThetwoeventsthatreceivethemostmediacoveragearethePrimetimeEmmysandtheDaytimeEmmys,whichrecognizeoutstandingworkinAmericanprimetimeanddaytimeentertainmentprogramming.TheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP)isanAfrican-AmericancivilrightsorganizationintheUnitedStates,formedin1909.Itsmissionistoensurethepolitical,educational,social,andeconomicequalityofrightsofallpersonsandtoeliminateracialhatredandracialdiscrimination.Itsname,retainedinaccordancewithtradition,usestheoncecommontermcoloredpeople.TheNAACPbestowstheannualImageAwardsforachievementintheartsandentertainment,andtheannualSpingarnMedalsforoutstandingpositiveachievementofanykind,ondeservingblackAmericans.IthasitsheadquartersinBaltimore,Maryland(巴尔的摩，马里兰州)