饲粮粗蛋白质水平对散养北京油鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

2011,23(2):307315ChineseJournalofAnimalNutritiondo:i10.3969/.jissn.1006267x.2011.02.018*(,100097):本文旨在研究散养方式下不同产蛋阶段饲粮粗蛋白质水平对北京油鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响选取600只体重无显著差异的19周龄北京油鸡蛋鸡,随机分为6组(组1~6),每组100只,均饲以玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,饲养在专门新建的散养鸡舍内组1~3进行产蛋前期(19~21周)试验,组4~6进行产蛋中期(22~43周)试验,组1~3继续进行产蛋后期(44~55周)试验组1和组4为各阶段对照组每阶段均采取单因素设计,粗蛋白质水平分别为160%155%和150%测定每阶段内各组平均采食量产蛋率料蛋比死淘率,以及产蛋中期后期的鸡蛋品质结果表明:在散养条件下,不同阶段饲粮粗蛋白质水平对北京油鸡产蛋性能影响不显著(P005),但对鸡蛋品质影响较大30周龄时饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平显著影响鸡蛋的平均蛋重蛋黄色泽和蛋白重,以及蛋黄的水分和粗蛋白质含量(P005)160%粗蛋白质组的平均蛋重和蛋白重显著大于155%和150%粗蛋白质组(P005),160%粗蛋白质组的蛋黄水分含量显著高于150%粗蛋白质组(P005),而低于155%粗蛋白质组(P005),160%和155%粗蛋白质组的蛋黄粗蛋白质含量显著低于150%粗蛋白质组(P005),而其他指标没有显著变化(P005)43周龄时饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平显著影响蛋鸡的鸡蛋等级(P005)蛋壳重(P005)和蛋黄重(P=0053),而对其他指标没有显著影响(P005);155%粗蛋白质组的鸡蛋等级显著高于160%和150%粗蛋白质组,155%和150%粗蛋白质组的蛋壳重显著大于160%粗蛋白质组(P005)产蛋后期,55周龄时饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平对鸡蛋品质的影响主要表现在蛋形指数和蛋白重上,其中160%粗蛋白质组的蛋形指数显著低于155%和150%粗蛋白质组(P005),160%粗蛋白质组的蛋白重显著大于155%和150%粗蛋白质组(P005)综合来看,在散养方式下,不同阶段饲粮粗蛋白质水平对北京油鸡产蛋性能影响不大,但对鸡蛋品质影响较大,而且不同时期影响指标不同,表现在30周龄影响鸡蛋的平均蛋重蛋黄色泽和蛋白重,43周龄影响鸡蛋等级蛋壳重和蛋黄重,55周龄影响蛋白重和蛋形指数推荐北京油鸡产蛋3个阶段(产蛋前期中期和后期)饲粮适宜的粗蛋白质水平分别为155%155%和160%:北京油鸡;散养;粗蛋白质水平;产蛋性能;鸡蛋品质:S831:A:1006267X(2011)02030709:2010-08-17:(:Z080005032508010),(:30972128),(:6102010):(1972),,,,,Emai:[e-mail]*:,,Emai:[e-mail],,,,,,23:,,,,,Bray[1]12%,[2]39:,117%146%,[3],1130MJ/kg1697%,,90%6,[4],19~431116MJ/kg1700%;44~601100MJ/kg1600%;61~721100MJ/kg1425%,,,111,,,1,,7/m235/m2,,,,,,,,,,12600(15kg)19,6,100(3,333334),,-1~3(19~21),4~6(22~43),1~3(44~55),14,1231128MJ/kg,20%,160%155%150%,4~61,4561108MJ/kg,30%,160%155%150%,1~34,1231108MJ/kg,30%,160%155%150%,4~6111.3:(),,,:30~40,,,-(EA-03362008,Japan),4AAABC3210(SpectrophotometerCM-2600dKonicaMinoltaSensing,InC.,Japan),,(FHK,FujihiraIndustryCO.,LTD.,Japan),(OrkaFoodTechnologyLtd.,Isarel)MB45(Ohaus,Switerland),3082:-(),1()Table1Compositionandnutrientlevelsofbasaldietsduringdifferentperiods(airdrybasis)%ItemsEarlyperiodoflayingLayingperiodLateperiodoflaying1Group12Group23Group34Group45Group56Group61Group12Group23Group3IngredientsCorn64064.665.462.864.064.262.864.064.2Soybeanmeal23.622.020.324.522.721.024.522.721.0Wheatbran4.45.46.32.83.44.92.83.44.9Limestone4.04.04.05.95.95.95.95.95.9Premix1)4.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.04.0Total100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0NutrientlevelsME/(MJ/kg)2)11.2811.2811.2811.0811.0811.0811.0811.0811.08CP16.015.515.016.015.515.016.015.515.0Ca2.02.02.03.03.03.03.03.03.01)Thepremixprovidesthefollowingperkgofdie:tFe(asferroussulfate)80mg,Cu(ascoppersulfate)8mg,Zn(aszincsulfate)70mg,Mn90mg,VA10560IU,VD34000IU,VE22.4IU,riboflavin7.6mg,nicotinicacid32mg,D-Dpantothenicacid9.6mg,VB120.03mg,biotin0.10mg2),MEisthecalculatedvalue.Othernutrientlevelsaremeasuredvalues.14Excel,SPSS130(OnewayANOVA),DuncanP005221(19~21)2,1128MJ/kg,160%155%150%,(P005),202(15.5%)1(16.0%)3(15.0%)(P0.05),13(P0.05),2121(P0.05)(123)309233Fig.3Mortalityrateduringearlyperiodoflaying2.2(22~43)3,1108MJ/kg,160%155%150%,(P005),22~28(P0.05),29~43,5,15.5%4(16.0%)6(15.0%)(P005),22~24,,(P005),24(P005),(P005)(456)2(19~21)Table2LayingperformanceatdifferentdietarylevelsofCPduringearlyperiodoflaying(19to21weeks)GroupsCP/%Feedintake/kgLayingrate/%Feedeggratio/(kgkg)Mortalityrate/%116.010.030.050.260.19919.75586.04000215.510.050.080.330.09586.21114.35000315.010.070.060.130.011425.11128.640.450.06PPvalue0.7680.3760.2010.465(P0.05)34Valueswithdifferentlettersuperscriptsinthesamecolumnmeansignificantdifference(P0.05).ThesameasTable3andTable4.3(22~43)Table3LayingperformanceatdifferentdietarylevelsofCPduringlayingperiod(22to43weeks)GroupsCP/%Feedintake/kgLayingrate/%Feedeggratio/(kgkg)Mortalityrate/%416.010.180.0545.3119.218.584.680.140.05515.510.100.0648.1321.8512.265.850.130.04615.010.140.1045.5719.487.048.340.050.01PPvalue0.6550.8780.6100.5403102:6Fig.6Mortalityrateduringlayingperiod2.3(44~55)4,1108MJ/kg,160%155%150%,(P005)4(44~55)Table4LayingperformanceatdifferentdietarylevelsofCPduringlateperiodoflaying(44to55weeks)GroupsCP/%Feedintake/kgLayingrate/%Feedeggratio/(kgkg)Mortalityrate/%116.011.120.0559.043.083.420.17000215.511.090.1056.545.073.580.350.080.02315.011.080.0858.722.973.410.17000PPvalue0.6460.2350.1860.379,123,(0),16.0%(78)245,30(P005),(P005)160%155%150%,,6,(P005),160%150%(P005),155%(P005),160%155%150%(P005),(P005)-5mg/kg,(P005)7,43(P0.05)(P0.05)(P=0.053),(P005)155%160%150%,155%150%160%(P005)311235(30)Table5PhysicalqualityofeggsunderdifferentdietarylevelsofCPduringlayingperiod(30weeksold)ItemsDietaryCPlevels/%16.015.515.0PPvalueAverageeggweight/g52.886.38b50.494.08a50.483.36a0.045Eggshellstrength/(kg/cm2)3.871.034.191.034.270.920.398Eggshellthickness/mm0.430.030.430.030.440.030.339Albumenheight/mm5.131.325.081.174.651.310.095Haughunit71.7813.2472.2911.2668.1013.720.055Yolkcolor5.550.88a5.731.09ab5.950.88b0.014Egggrade2.530.722.560.672.300.790.099Eggshellindex1.280.041.290.041.290.050.403Eggshellweight/g6.690.796.420.606.690.430.078Yolkweight/g13.911.0113.781.2113.620.840.651Albumenweight/g32.296.49b30.283.27a30.172.96a0.032(P0.05)Valueswithdifferentlett