广东2018年中考英语复习课件-非谓语动词

考点精讲精练非谓语动词考点一名词辨析非谓语动词是指在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语动词形式分为动词不定式，动词ing形式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。初中阶段重点掌握不定式和动词的ing形式的基本用法。考点一动词不定式（没有人称和数的变化）肯定形式：to+动词原形；否定形式：notto+动词原形。如：Theteachertoldmetocomehereontimetomorrow.（肯定）老师告诉我明天要按时到这里。→Theteachertoldmenot（never）tocomehereontimetomorrow.（否定）老师告诉我明天不用按时到这里。对点精练：(B)1.Parentsoftenasktheirkids_____theirInternetfriendsbecausethekidsmaybeindanger.A．tomeetB．nottomeetC．meetingD．tonotmeet(A)2.Inthisschool,thestudentsareasked______mobilephone.A.nottouseB.notusingC.notuseD.tonotuse◆动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数；常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，常用于下列句式中：It+be+形容词+（forsb）+动词不定式。如：TolearnEnglishisveryimportant→ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglish.学英语很重要。(1)Itis＋名词＋todosth.。如：It'sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.保持环境干净整洁是我们的责任。It'sapleasantwaytokeepourcityclean.这是保持我们城市洁净的一个好方法。(2)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.。如：Ittakeshimhalfanhourtogettoschoolbybike.骑自行车上学花了他半个小时。(3)Itis＋形容词＋forsb.＋todo.(形容词修饰事物)。如：It'sverydifficultformetolearnmaths.对我来说学数学很难。(4)It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb.＋todo.(形容词描述人的性格、品质等，如kind,nice,clever,polite,wise,rude等)。如：It'sniceofyoutosayso.你这样说真好。It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.帮我学习英语，你真好。对点精练：(A)3.Itmeabout10dayspaintingthewalls.A.took;tofinishB.cost;finishingC.took;finishingD.spent;tofinish(C)4.Itisimportantpeoplelearnteamspirit.A.of;ofB.of;toC.for;toD.to;to（A）5.It’sverynice_______picturesforme.A.ofyoutodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing◆动词不定式作宾语1.做动词的宾语只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,want,wouldlike,decide,wish,choose,agree,ask,expect,fail,help,learn,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse等。如：Ihopetoseehimassoonaspossible.我希望尽快见到他。Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.我决定去要回我的钱。[巧记]接不定式作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。[妙语诠释]三个希望两答应：hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定：manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择：pretend,choose2.和疑问词who,what,when,where,how,which等连用作tell,ask,know,show等动词宾语。如：Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道做什么。Sheshowedushowtodoit她向我展示怎样去做那东西。3.用it来作形式宾语，将真宾语置后。如:Wefinditpossibletoeat10applesatonetime.我发现一次吃10个苹果是有可能的。对点精练：(D)6.—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo(B)7.—Don’tforgetyourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon’tA.bringB.tobringC.bringingD.brought(B)8.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided.A.togooutB.nottogooutC.tonotgooutD.notgoingout(D)9.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficultwiththeirteenagechildren.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk(B)10.---Wow,Wendy,it’ssocooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.---JustwithsoftwarecalledMeipai.Letmeshowyou_____.A.whichtouseB.howtouseitC.whattouseD.wheretouseit◆动词不定式作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求接宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。1.常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：allow,ask,advise,invite,encourage,expect,get,order,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wouldlike等，常用于句式“v.＋sb.＋todosth.”。如：WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMary？你要我向玛丽传达你的问候吗？后跟todo作宾语补足语的动词或短语列举如下：告诉、请求、要、命令(tell,ask,want,order)希望、邀请、教、帮助(wish,invite,teach,help)警告、喜欢、使(人)恨(warn,like,get,hate)Iwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.我想要你清楚地理解这整篇文章。对点精练：(D)11.Lucyisshy.Shewouldnotinviteherclassmatesdancingwithher.A.practiceB.practicesC.practicingD.topractice(B)12.Ourteacheroftenasksusquestionsingroups.A.discussB.todiscussC.discussingD.discussed(C)13.Thelittlegirlwascryingbecausehermotherdidn’tallowher______theice-cream.A.eatB.eatsC.toeatD.ate2.感官动词和使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to。注意：当这些动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上to归纳表格：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事watchsb.do(doing)sth.注视某人（正在）做某事letsb.dosth..让某人做某事noticesb.do(doing)sth注意某人（正在）做某事havesb.dosth.使某人做某事seesb.do(doing)sth.看见某人（正在）做某事hearsb.do(doing)sth.听见某人（正在）做某事如：Ididn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.我没听过任何人说起有关它的任何事。Doyouletmeswimintheriver,Mum？妈妈，你允许我在河里游泳吗？3.help后面的“to”可有可无。如：Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxform？你能帮我填一下纳税申请表吗？Peteroftenhelpshismother(to)dothehousework.彼得经常帮妈妈做家务。对点精练：(D)14.Helosthiskey.Itmadehiminthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay(C)15.Canyouhearsomeoneintheclassroom?ItisMary.A.singB.singsC.singingD.sang(B)16.Peoplewhowon’tworkshouldbemade______.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked◆动词不定式作状语（动词不定式在句子中作状语表目的）如：Hewenttheretoseehisgrandma.(tosee作目的状语)他去那里目的是去看他的爷爷。Theboyisoldenoughtolearntodriveacar.(tolearn作结果状语)这男孩够大去学开小车。对点精练：(C)17.—WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish?—abroadforfurtherstudy.A.GoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes(D)18.Paulmadeanicecagethelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep(B)19.—I’mnewhere.—Don’tworry.I’lldowhatIcanyou.A.helpB.tohelpC.inviteD.toinvite(C)20.Weshouldtakeapairofbinoculars_____thebirdsclearly.A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.sees◆不带to的常用句型1）hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不）要做某事Youhadbetterstayhere.It’sraininghard.2)wouldratherdosththandosth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoplay.3)prefertodosth,ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事Hepreferstohaveclassratherthanhavearest.4)Whydon’tyoudosth?为什么不做某事Whydon’tyougoouttoseeafilmwithme?5)Whynotdosth?为什么不做某事Whynotvisitmesometimenextweek?6)Would/Couldyoupleasedosth.请你做某事Would/Couldyoupleasepassmeaglassofwater?7)Would/Couldyoupleasenotdosth.请你不要做某事Would/Co