chapter5-American-Education

ASurveyoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaEducationEducationDifferentLevelsofEducationHigherEducationCollegeEntranceExaminationsWheretoGetaHigherEducation?PrivateUniversityStateUniversityDifferentLevelsofEducationPreschoolPrimaryEducationSecondaryEducationHigherEducationHigherEducationTheUSisworldleaderineducation.In1825,Englandhadonlytwouniversities:OxfordandCambridge,whiletheUShadoverfiftyuniversities.Bynow,thereareover2,000universitiesandcollegesthroughouttheUnitedStates.CollegeEntranceExaminationsSAT:ScholasticAssessmentTest学习能力评估考试(Mathematics&English)ACT:AmericanCollegeTest美国大学考试WheretoGetaHigherEducation?StatecollegeoruniversityPrivatecollegeoruniversityTwo-yearcollegeCommunitycollegeInstituteofTechnologyChurch-relatedschoolCommunitycollegePrivateUniversityThefirstuniversitieswereallprivate.Mostofthebest-knowninstitutionsareprivate.e.g.Harvard,Yale,Princeton.Appealingforfundsfromtheir“alumni”.Generallysmaller.Varymuchinstandardsandreputation.HarvardCambridge,Massachusetts.AmemberoftheIvyLeague.Foundedin1636.TheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.TheIvyLeagueEightprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationintheNortheasternUS.Thetermalsohasconnotationsofacademicexcellence,selectivityinadmissions,andareputationforsocialelitism.YaleNewHaven,Connecticut.Foundedin1701astheCollegiateSchool,Yaleisthethirdoldestinstitution.AmemberoftheIvyLeague.Harvard&YaleLikeOxfordandCambridgeinEngland.Aremarkablenumberofthemenwhoholdprominentpositionswereeducatedatoneofthesetwo.Forexample:43rdPresidentGeorgeW.Bushandhisfather41stPresidentGeorgeH.BushbothgraduatedfromYale;PresidentBarackObamaandhiswifebothgraduatedfromHarvardLawSchool.StanfordUniversityPrincetonUniversityLiberalArtsCollegeCollegeswithanemphasisuponundergraduatestudyintheliberalarts.Aimedatimpartinggeneralknowledgeanddevelopinggeneralintellectualcapacities,incontrasttoaprofessional,vocational,ortechnicalcurriculum.StateUniversityEachstatehasatleastoneuniversityandinabigstatetherearedozensofstate“campuses”.e.g.UCLA,UCBerkley,Mostaregeneraluniversities.Freeofchargeoratalowcosttoitsresidents.10,000and30,000students.DisadvantagesofAttendingaStateUniversityStudentsmayfeelthattheyarenotindividuals.Distinguishedprofessorsaremoreinterestedinresearchthaninteaching.DiplomaJuniorCollege—Associate’sDegreeUndergraduateEducation—Bachelor’sDegreeGraduateEducation—Master’sDegreeDoctor’sDegreeUndergraduateStudentsUnderclassmenFreshmen,sophomoresUpperclassmenJuniors,seniorFacultyAdviserAprofessorwhoteachescoursesinthestudent’smajorarea.Helpthestudentselectaprogramtostudy.Meetthestudentregularly,superviseandadvisethestudentonmattersrelatingacademicstudies.Courses(1)Thetotalworkforanundergraduatedegreeconsistsofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforonesemester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks.Sonormallyastudentwillattendfourorfivecoursesduringeachsemester.Courses(2)Inthefirsttwoyears,followcoursesinaverywiderangeofsubjectsintheartsandsciences.Inthelasttwoyears,specializeinhismainsubjects.InstructionsLectureLecture-DiscussionLaboratorySectionsSeminarsInternshipsInternshipsPre-professionalworkexperience.Anopportunitytogainexperienceinaparticularcareerfield.Chancetoearncollegecredits.Awaytotryanewjobwithoutmakingpermanentcommitments.FormsofExaminationsObjectivetestsEssay-typequestionsGradeEverygradeisrecordedinatranscript.Itisavailableforstudentstoshowtoperspectiveemployers.Eventhestudents’parentsmaynotbeallowedtoseetheirgradeswithoutthestudents’consent.TransferMostcreditsearnedatthefirstschoolcanbetransferred.Thismeansastudentcantransfertoanotheruniversityandstillgraduatewithinareasonabletime.Master’sProgramInanacademicMaster'sprogram,studentsstudysuchfieldsashistoryandphilosophy.Thesedegreesareconsideredstepping-stonestowardadoctorate(Ph.D.).MosttimeinaMaster'sprogramisspentinclassroomstudy.AMaster'sDegreecandidateusuallymustpreparealongresearchpapercalledamaster'sthesis.