IVE机动车排放模型应用研究

IVE1,13,1,1,1,2,JamesLents3(11,100084;21,100037;31,91765):IVE,,IVE.:,,1444.COVOCNOxPM2767141821535318711t.COVOC,4210%3417%;NOxPM,,6613%8310%.,IVEMOBILE6,IVE.:IVE;;:X511:A:025023301(2006)1021928206:2005211211;:2006201205:(1980),,,.3,E2mail:[e-mail]ehicleEmissionModelYAOZhi2liang1,HEKe2bin1,WANGQi2dong1,HUOHong1,LIUHuan1,HEChun2yu2,JamesLents3(11DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;21SchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,BeijingTechnologyandBusinessUniversity,Beijing100037,China;31UniversityofCaliforniaatRiverside,California91765,USA)Abstract:ThispaperintroducedIVEmodelandpresentedthemethodtoquantifythemainparametersbytakingBeijingcityasacase.EmissionsfromdifferentvehiclefleetsofBeijingwerecalculatedusingIVEmodel.Theresultsshowthatemissionsfactorsofbusesandtrucksweremuchhigher,especiallyforPM,whichwere14and44timesthoseofpassengercars.ThedailyCO,VOC,NOxandPMemissionsofvehiclesinBeijingcitywere276714,18215,35318and711trespectively.CommonlightdutyvehicleswerethemainemissionsourceofCOandVOC,withthecontributionof4210%and3417%respectively,TruckswerethelargestcontributorofNOxandPMemissions,withthecontributionof6613%and8310%respectively.ThemethodologyandcalculatingresultsofMOBILE6andIVEmodelwerecompared,andadvantagesofIVEmodelsapplicationinChinawerediscussed.Keywords:IVEmodel;motorvehicle;emissionfactor[15].MOBILE[611],,.MOBILE,.,,,MOBILE.,,.IVE,,IVE,MOBILE6.1IVE,(InternationalSustainableSystemsResearchCenter,ISSRC)(UniversityofCaliforniaatRiverside,UCR),IVE[12].,,[13].111IVEMOBILE,2710200610ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.27,No.10Oct.,2006.Qj=BjiKi,j(1),i;j;Qjj,g/km;Bjj,g/km;Ki,jji,.,IVEMOBILE.MOBILE,IVE,VSP(vehiclespecificpower)ES(enginestress)2,.VSP,,kW/tm2/s3,.VSP=v{111a+9181[atan(sin)]+01132}+01000302v3(2)v,m/s;a,m/s2;i,;.,IVEES.ES20sVSP,(3).ES=0108Pave+Rindex(3)(3),Pave25s5sVSP,kW/t;0108,t/kW;Rindex,,vVSP.IVEVSPES260VSP(1),VSP1,.VSP,IVE.112IVEWindows,MOBILE,.IVE2,4.11211IVE3,:LocalPage.I/M(VSP).;1VSPVSPESTable1RelationshipofVSPintervalswithVSP,andESVSP/kWt-1ESESES[-116,311)[311,718)[718,1216)[-8010,-4410)02040[-4410,-3919)12141[-3919,-3518)22242[-3518,-3117)32343[-3117,-2716)42444[-2716,-2314)52545[-2314,-1913)62646[-1913,-1512)72747[-1512,-1111)82848[-1111,-710)92949[-710,-219)103050[-219,112)113151[112,513)123252[513,914)133353[914,1316)143454[1316,1717)153555[1717,2118)163656[2118,2519)173757[2519,30)183858[30,1000)193959FleetPage..,IVE.IVE,,IVE,1372,1.,,FleetPage.,,;BaseAdjustmentPage.IVEFTP.BaseAdjustment,.IVE.929110112121(CalculationPage),COVOCNOxSO2PM5,6,CO23.,(,).2,()4:,IVE,20046.211VSPVSP.,3,.1.GPS,39,1.,33,9.,,.,14d,07:0021:00h39.,GPS..12,2,6d.,,GPS,07:0022:00,6d.,VSP.212212111d,,..21139,1.(1).1Fig.1Testroutesandlocationsofdatacollecting6d,,106:0014:00,214:0021:00,1,3.21212,,,.,.()..,.2.213,,757d.039127220046Table2TechnologydistributionofcommonlightdutyvehiclefleetinBeijinginJune,2004/%104km/%1991015224131000001992111822156733001993214020171363421199411902010107811019952182181175353519964167141145234019975182131053865119983163101322546919997158915011188200051688120429420011013261902196200217137417002982003221672140019920041315801900199VOCE(vehicleoperationcharacteristicsenunciators),,,.,617,06:0009:0014:0017:00,25%.IVE.3311IVE,IVE4,3.3,,4:,,42.,NOx.,1444.3Table3AverageemissionsfactorsofvehiclesinBeijingCO/gkm-1715111119111615321241194514VOC/gkm-1015017112019212216318NOx/gkm-10180191151110196111413PM/mgkm-14126101015812101711312360193122004206,COVOCNOxPM2767141821535318711t,42.2:COVOC,,4210%3417%,.,1/20,,COVOC2518%2611%.NOxPM,,6613%8310%.,COVOC,.NOx,.2Fig.2EmissionsshareofdifferentvehicletypeinBeijing3139110,COVOCNOxPM,:,,,.3Fig.3EmissionsshareofcommonlightdutyvehiclesbyroadtypeinBeijing,.4.:COVOCNOxPM2217%1410%515%1214%,COVOCPM.,,.,,.4Fig.4ShareofstartemissionsofvehiclesinBeijing4MOBILEIVE,MOBILE6,MOBILE6.5.,MOBILE6,MOBILE6NOx.IVE.2,,1.4IVEMOBILE6,4,IVEMOBILE6CO63%,VOCNOx.,,IVEMOBILE6;,200%.MOBILE6,IVE.4IVEMOBILE6Table4DailyemissionsfactorsofcommonlightdutyvehiclesathotrunningstageusingIVEandMOBILE6modelsIVEMOBILE6CO/gkm-181681411363%VOC/gkm-101590155-7%NOx/gkm-1018601916%5(1)IVE,1444.(2)COVOCNOx2767141821535318711t.COVOC,4210%3417%;NOxPM,,6613%8310%.(3)IVEVSPES,MOBILE6,,.23912752Fig.5Commonlightdutyvehiclesemissionsfactorsperhourathotrunningstageusingtwomodelmethods:[1],,,.[M].:,2000.[2],,,.[J].,2001,22(5):16.[3]NationalResearchCouncil.ModelingMobile2SourceEmissions[M].Washington:NationalAcademyPress,2000.[4]TongHY,HungWT,CheungCS.On2roadmotorvehicleemissionsandfuelconsumptioninurbandrivingconditions[J].J.AirWasteManage.Assoc.,2000,50:543554.[5]BachmanW,SarasuaW,HallmarkS,etal.Modelingregionalmobilesourceemissionsinageographicinformationsystemframework[J].Transp.Res.PartCEmergingTechnol.,2000,8:205229.[6],,,.[J].,1998,19(3):710.[7],,,.[J].,2000,21(3):6870.[8],,.[J].,2000,22(6):2932.[9],,,.[J].(),2002,42(12):16011604.[10],,,.[M].:,20021[11],,,.[J].,2001,1(4):8791.[12]UniversityofCaliforniaatRiverside.IVEModelUsersManu