48Attributive Clause

AttributiveClause(RelativeClause)IntroductionExample:Theboywhosehairisredisveryclever.AttributiveclauseRelativepronounWho,whom,whose,which,that,as,butRelativeadverbWhen,where,why,thatAntecedentPleaseidentifytherelativepronounsandantecedentsofthefollowingsentences.Sheisveryattentiveinclass,whichherarelyis.Ashasbeensaidbefore,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.RestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause限定你正在谈论的事物That可以替换who或which如果关系代词指的是宾语，可以省略无逗号给出附加的非本质信息不能用that关系代词不可省略必须有逗号Pleasecomparethefollowingtwosentences.Theyhavetwochildrenwhoarestillatschool.Theyhavetwochildren,whoarestillatschool.RelativePronouns/adverbsinRestrictiveClausesThefamilywhoareallfootballfansarenowtakingaholiday.TellmesomethingaboutthemanforwhomIshallbeworking/(whom)Ishallbeworkingfor.MydogwhosenameisTedisgrowingfast.MydogthenameofwhichisTedisgrowingfast.Which指物Thatisthebookwhichcostmetendollars.指婴儿、动物和表示单数意义的集合名词Theaudiencewhichiscomposedentirelyofstudentsislargerthanever.指人的职业、地位或品格Heisexactlytheman(which)suchaneducationwaslikelytoform.Afterleavingschool,hebecameanartistwhichhisparentswantedhimtobe.That既可指人，又可指物Theperson(that/whom/who)youweretalkingaboutisthemanager.Isthisthebook(that/which)youaskedmefor?在从句中作主语补语或宾语补语，并常省略Hedoesnotseemtobethemanthathewas.Themodernairplaneisnotthemachinethatitwaswhenfirstinvented.可以与thesame或such连用作主语或宾语ThisisthesamehatthatIwaswearingayearago.Heturnedhisattentiontosuchpleasuresthatcouldbeobtainedinhiswork.As既可指人，又可指物As与thesame连用Thatvillageisnotthesameasitwasbefore.As与such连用Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.Iwilllendyousuchbooksaswillinterestyou.As与so连用Wewitnessedsoexcitingasightaswehadneverdreamedof.Hereissodifficultaproblemasnoneofuscansolve.As与As连用Asmanypeopleasarepresenthavevotedforthecandidate.Heiswillingtoanswerasmanyquestionsasmayberaised.ButBut相当于that/who…not,仅在表示否定意义的主句后面使用，在从句中做主语或宾语，既可指人，又可指物。Pleasetranslate/paraphrasethefollowingsentences.Thereisnotoneofusbutwishestohelpyou.Nomanintheroombuthadtearsinhiseyes.Nonecametohimbutweretreatedwell.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.Thereisnotoneofusbutwishes(whodoesnotwish)tohelpyou.我们当中没人不想帮助你。Nomanintheroombuthad(whodidn’thave)tearsinhiseyes.房间里的人没有眼里不含泪的。Nonecametohimbut(whowerenottreated)weretreatedwell.没有人到他这儿来而不受到热情款待的。Thereisnorulebuthas(thathasno)exceptions.没有无例外的规则。RelativeAdverbsWhenDoyourememberthetimewhenhearrived?WhereTheyhurriedtotheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.WhyThereasonwhyhecameisnotveryconvincing.ThatSeethefollowingslide.that作时间状语ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.1789wastheyearthat(when/inwhich)FrenchRevolutionbrokeout.作地点状语Thisistheplacethat(where/atwhich)hestayedwhenhewasinLondon.作原因状语Thereasonthat(why/forwhich)hegaveuphisstudiesisnotcleartome.作方式状语Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich)heeyedme.作其他状语Hedroveatthespeedthat(atwhich)hecouldn’tstop.Sheshoutedwiththeloudestvoicethat(withwhich)shecould.RelativePronouns/adverbsinNon-restrictiveClausesAs指代名词Heseemedaforeigner,asinfacthewas.指代形容词Davidistall,asaremybrothers.指代短语Heisamodestperson,asthebroad-mindedmenareapttobe.指代另一个从句Ifhecomeslate,asisusual,foranothertime,wewillnotreceivehim.指代整个主句Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.Prep+RelativePronoun警方得知他们正在找的那个人已经逃跑了。Thepolicelearnedthatthemanforwhomtheywerelookinghadescaped.(prep可后移)我们发现了一所屋顶被破坏了的房子。Wefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.（prep不可后移）他长得像他的母亲。Theperson(whom/that)hetakesafterishismother.(after不可前移)Noun/pronoun+prep+relativepronoun演讲者提出了四个很重要的问题，这些问题的答案具有很强的启发性。Thespeakerposedfourhighlyimportantquestions,___________provedveryilluminating.她急忙回家喂她养的那些猫，其中的一只刚刚生了小猫。Shehurriedhometofeehercats,____________hadjusthadkittens.Noun/pronoun+prep+relativepronoun演讲者提出了四个很重要的问题，这些问题的答案具有很强的启发性。Thespeakerposedfourhighlyimportantquestions,theanswertowhichprovedveryilluminating.她急忙回家喂她养的那些猫，其中的一只刚刚生了小猫。Shehurriedhometofeehercats,oneofwhichhadjusthadkittens.Pleasetranslatethefollowingsentence.去年他们曾在某个村子呆过，村子的名字他们已经忘记了。WhoseWhich/thatOfwhichThenameofwhichLastyeartheystayedinsomevillagewhosenametheyhaveforgotten.Lastyeartheystayedinsomevillage(which/that)theyhaveforgottenthenameof.Lastyeartheystayedinsomevillageofwhichtheyhaveforgottenthename.Lastyeartheystayedinsomevillage,thenameofwhichtheyhaveforgotten.辨析that与who/which先行词前面有形容词最高级或any,only,first,last等修饰时，通常用thatHeisthebestspeakerthataddressedthemeeting.先行词为those或all时，通常用whoThosewhoarefreetonightmaygowithme.先行词与定语从句被其他成分隔开时，通常用whoHeistheonlymaninthisvillagewhoknowsaboutthesethings.先行词不止一个，而且分别表示人和物时，不论哪个先行词在后，都可以用that;只有当表示人的先行词在后时才可以用whoHetoldmeaboutthemenandthethingsthathehadseen.Shedidn’tlikeanythingoranyonewhowasnotfamiliartoher.当先行词特指意义较强时，通常用whoThemanwhowaskilledyesterdaywashisfriend.Heisthesortofmanthat/whowilldoanythingtohelppeopleintrouble.先行词为who，后面紧跟定语从句时，只能用thatWhothathadbeenthereforbutafewhourscouldeverforget?关系代词在从句中做主语补语时，只能用that，而且可省略Dr.Harrisstilltalkslikethemanthathewastenyearsago.当定于从句为therebe句型时，作从句主语的关系代词只能是that，并常可省略。Kentissupposedtobeagiftedfo