教jiào条tiáo示shì龙lóng场chǎng诸zhū生shēng诸zhū生相shēngxiàng从cóng于yú此cǐ,甚shèn盛shèng。恐kǒng无能wúnéng为wéi助zhù也yě,以yǐ四sì事shì相xiāng规guī,聊liáo以yǐ答dá诸zhū生shēng之zhī意yì。一yī曰yuē立lì志zhì,二èr曰yuē勤qín学xué,三sān曰yuē改gǎi过guò,四sì曰yuē责zé善shàn。其qí慎shèn听tīng毋wú忽hū!立lì志zhì志zhì不bù立lì,天下tiānxià无wú可kě成chéng之zhī事shì。虽suī百bǎi工gōng技艺jìyì,未wèi有yǒu不bù本běn于yú志zhì者zhě。今jīn学者xuézhě旷废kuàngfèi隳huī惰duò,玩wán岁suì愒kaì时shí,而ér百bǎi无wú所suǒ成chéng,皆jiē由于yóuyú志zhì之zhī未wèi立lì耳ěr。故gù立志lìzhì而ér圣shèng,则zé圣shèng矣yǐ;立志lìzhì而ér贤xián,则zé贤xián矣yǐ;志zhì不bù立lì,如rú无wú舵duò之zhī舟zhōu,无wú衔xián之zhī马mǎ,漂piāo荡dàng奔bēn逸yì,终zhōng亦yì何hé所suǒ底dǐ乎hū?昔人xīrén所suǒ言yán:使shǐ为wéi善shàn而ér父母fùmǔ怒nù之zhī,兄弟xiōngdì怨yuàn之zhī,宗族zōngzú乡党xiāngdǎng贱jiàn恶wu之zhī,如此rúcǐ而ér不bù为wéi善shàn,可kě也yě。为wéi善shàn则zé父母fùmǔ爱ài之zhī,兄弟xiōngdì悦yuè之zhī,宗族zōngzú乡党xiāngdǎng敬信jìngxìn之zhī,何苦hékǔ而ér不bù为wéi善shàn、为wéi君子jūnzǐ?使shǐ为wéi恶è而ér父fù母mǔ爱ài之zhī,兄xiōng弟dì悦yuè之zhī,宗zōng族zú乡xiāng党dǎng敬jìng信xìn之zhī,如rú此cǐ而ér为wéi恶è,可kě也yě。为wéi恶è则zé父母fùmǔ怒nù之zhī,兄弟xiōngdì怨yuàn之zhī,宗族zōngzú乡党xiāngdǎng贱jiàn恶wu之zhī,何苦hékǔ必bì为wéi恶è、为wéi小人xiǎorén?诸zhū生shēng念niàn此cǐ,亦yì可kě以yǐ知zhī所suǒ立lì志zhì矣yǐ。勤qín学xué已yǐ立志lìzhì为wéi君子jūnzǐ,自zì当dāng从事cóngshì于yú学xué。凡fán学xué之zhī不bù勤qín,必bì其qí志zhì之zhī尚未shàngwèi笃dǔ也yě。从cóng吾wú游者yóuzhě,不bù以yǐ聪慧cōnghuì警jǐng捷jié为wéi高gāo,而ér以yǐ勤qín确què谦qiān抑yì为wéi上shàng。诸zhū生shēng试shì观guān侪辈cháibèi之中zhīzhōng,苟有gǒuyǒu虚xū而ér为wéi盈yíng,无wú而ér为wéi有yǒu,讳huì己jǐ之zhī不能bùnéng,忌jì人rén之zhī有yǒu善shàn,自矜zìjīn自是zìshì,大dà言yán欺qī人rén者zhě,使shǐ其qí人rén资zī禀bǐng虽suī甚shèn超chāo迈mài,侪辈cháibèi之中zhīzhōng有yǒu弗fú疾jí恶è之zhī者zhě乎hū?有yǒu弗fú鄙bǐ贱jiàn之zhī者zhě乎hū?彼bǐ固gù将jiāng以yǐ欺qī人rén,人rén果guǒ遂suì为wéi所suǒ欺qī,有yǒu弗fú窃笑qièxiào之zhī者zhě乎hū?苟有gǒuyǒu谦qiān默mò自持zìchí,无能wúnéng自zì处chù,笃志dǔzhì力行lìxíng,勤学qínxué好hǎo问wèn;称chēng人rén之zhī善shàn,而ér咎jiù己jǐ之zhī失shī;从cóng人rén之zhī长cháng,而ér明míng己jǐ之zhī短duǎn,忠信zhōngxìn乐lè易yì,表里一致biǎolǐyīzhì者zhě,使shǐ其qí人rén资zī禀bǐng虽suī甚shèn鲁钝lǔdùn,侪辈cháibèi之中zhīzhōng,有yǒu弗fú称chēng慕mù之zhī者zhě乎hū?彼bǐ固gù以yǐ无能wúnéng自zì处chù,而ér不bù求qiú上人shàngrén,人rén果guǒ遂suì以yǐ彼bǐ为wéi无能wúnéng,有yǒu弗fú敬jìng尚shàng之zhī者zhě乎hū?诸zhū生shēng观guān此cǐ,亦可yìkě以yǐ知zhī所suǒ从事cóngshì于yú学xué矣yǐ。改gǎi过guò夫fū过guò者zhě,自大zìdà贤xián所suǒ不免bùmiǎn,然rán不bù害hài其qí卒zú为wéi大dà贤者xiánzhě,为wéi其qí能néng改gǎi也yě。故gù不bù贵guì于yú无wú过guò,而ér贵guì于yú能néng改过gǎiguò。诸zhū生shēng自zì思sī,平日píngrì亦yì有yǒu缺quē于yú廉耻liánchǐ忠信zhōngxìn之zhī行者xíngzhě乎hū?亦yì有yǒu薄báo于yú孝xiào友yǒu之zhī道dào,陷xiàn于yú狡jiǎo诈zhà偷tōu刻kè之zhī习xí者zhě乎hū?诸zhū生shēng殆dài不bú至zhì于yú此cǐ。不bú幸xìng或huò有yǒu之zhī,皆jiē其qí不bù知zhī而ér误wù蹈dǎo,素sù无wú师shī友yǒu之zhī讲jiǎng习xí规guī饬chì也yě。诸zhū生shēng试shì内省nèixǐng,万一wànyī有yǒu近于jìnyú是shì者zhě,固gù亦yì不bù可以kěyǐ不bù痛tòng自zì悔huǐ咎jiù,然rán亦yì不当búdàng以此yǐcǐ自zì歉qiàn,遂suì馁něi于yú改过gǎiguò从cóng善shàn之zhī心xīn。但dàn能néng一旦yídàn脱tuō然rán洗涤xǐdí旧jiù染rǎn,虽suī昔xī为wéi盗寇dàokòu,今日jīnrì不bù害hài为wéi君子jūnzǐ矣yǐ。若ruò曰yuē吾wú昔xī已yǐ如rú此cǐ,今jīn虽suī改gǎi过guò而ér从cóng善shàn,将jiāng人rén不bù信xìn我wǒ,且qiě无wú赎shú于yú前qián过guò,反fǎn怀huái羞xiū涩sè疑yí沮jǔ,而ér甘gān心xīn于yú污wū浊zhuó终zhōng焉yān,则zé吾wú亦yì绝jué望wàng尔ěr矣yǐ。责zé善shàn“责zé善shàn,朋友péngyǒu之zhī道dào”;然rán须xū“忠告zhōnggào而ér善shàn道dào之zhī”,悉xī其qí忠zhōng爱ài,致zhì其qí婉wǎn曲qǔ,使shǐ彼bǐ闻wén之zhī而ér可kě从cóng,绎yì之zhī而ér可kě改gǎi,有yǒu所suǒ感gǎn而ér无wú所suǒ怒nù,乃nǎi为wéi善shàn耳ěr。若ruò先xiān暴bào白bái其qí过guò恶è,痛tòng毁huǐ极jí诋dǐ,使shǐ无wú所suǒ容róng,彼bǐ将jiāng发fā其qí愧kuì耻chǐ愤fèn恨hèn之zhī心xīn;虽suī欲yù降jiàng以yǐ相xiāng从cóng,而ér势shì有yǒu所suǒ不bù能néng。是shì激jī之zhī而ér使shǐ为wéi恶è矣yǐ。故gù凡fán讦jié人rén之zhī短duǎn,攻gōng发fā人rén之zhī阴私yīnsī,以yǐ沽gū直zhí者zhě,皆jiē不bù可以kěyǐ言责yánzé善shàn。虽然suīrán,我wǒ以yǐ是shì而ér施shī于yú人rén,不可bùkě也yě;人rén以yǐ是shì而ér加jiā诸zhū我wǒ,凡fán攻gōng我wǒ之zhī失shī者zhě,皆jiē我wǒ师shī也yě,安ān可以kěyǐ不bù乐lè受shòu而ér心xīn感gǎn之zhī乎hū?某mǒu于yú道dào未wèi有yǒu所suǒ得dé,其qí学xué卤lǔ莽mǎng耳ěr。谬miù为wéi诸zhū生shēng相xiàng从cóng于yú此cǐ,每měi终zhōng夜yè以yǐ思sī,恶è且qiě未wèi免miǎn,况kuàng于yú过guò乎hū?人rén谓wèi“事shì师shī无wú犯fàn无wú隐yǐn”,而ér遂suì谓wèi师shī无wú可kě谏jiàn,非fēi也yě.谏jiàn师shī之zhī道dào,直zhí不至于búzhìyú犯fàn,而ér婉wǎn不至于búzhìyú隐yǐn耳ěr。使shǐ吾wú而是érshì也yě,因yīn得以déyǐ明míng其qí是shì;吾wú而ér非fēi也yě,因yīn得以déyǐ去qù其qí非fēi。盖gài教jiào学xué相xiāng长zhǎng也yě。诸zhū生shēng责zé善shàn,当dāng自zì吾wú始shǐ。