高中英语语法复习课件――虚拟语气

Definition虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1.虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句（一)If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用请求，要求，命今，建议Should+动词原型惊异，惋惜，遗憾，理应advise,ask,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,suggest,etc以及相关名词，过去分词important,strange,necessary,natural,essential/vital（首要的）,imperative（必要的）It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.HeinsistedthatJohn(should)doit.ItisnecessarythatweshouldgeteverythingReadybytheendoftheweek注意:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”;insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wishthat2.asif/asthough3.wouldratherthat4.It’s(about/high)timethat1.wishthat现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)would/could+动词原形(将来)Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachD2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.would+动词原形(将来)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Itlooksasifyouaretired.3.It’s(about/high)timethatdid/wereShould+动词原形It’stimeweworkedhard.It’shightimethatwestarted.1.It’shightimethatwe_____toschool.A.wouldB.wentC.goD.willgo2.It’stimewe______upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsumBB4.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.leftI’dratheryou____methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didn’ttellD.hadn’ttold注意:在主语＋would(had)rather＋that宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我宁愿不再见着你。I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他们和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:1.条件暗含在短语中。如：without,butfor,incaseof.etcWhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.2.条件暗含在上下文中.如：or,otherwiseYoumightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)Iwasverybusyyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.3.条件用其他形式来表示Ifonly(Iwish)，but,suppose/supposing/providing(if)etc.Itoldhimtogotherehimself,butperhapsIshouldhavegonetogetherwithhim.Supposeyouwereinmyshoes,whatshouldyoudoIfonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!10IfonlyI____tomyparents’advice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?---I____,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto错综条件句虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you___abletofinishtheworknow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.haddoneD.wasgoingtoIfhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm,__.A.hewillbealivenow.B.hewouldbealivenow.C.hewouldhavebeenalivenow.D.hewouldhavelivednowAB10上海）29.---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做10安徽）26.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe-_______A.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusy.D.willbebusy解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。（10湖南）29.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow解析：根据“wouldn’thavelost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。（1