钠电池的研究与开发现状_胡英瑛

 2220133EnergyStorageScienceandTechnologyVol.2No.2Mar.2013200050ZEBRAZEBRAdoi10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2013.02.001TM911A2095-4239201302-081-10State-of-the-artresearchanddevelopmentstatusofsodiumbatteriesHUYingyingWENZhaoyinRUIKunWUXiangweiCASKeyLaboratoryofMaterialsforEnergyConversionShanghaiInstituteofCeramicsChineseAcademyofSciencesShanghai200050ChinaAbstract:Sodium-sulfurbatteries,sodium-nickelchloridebatteriesandsodium-airbatteriesarecollectivelycalledsodiumbatteries.Thesebatteriesusemetallicsodiumastheanodematerialandrealizeelectrochemicalprocessesthroughthetransportationofsodiumionsandelectrons.Thispaperreviewstheresearchanddevelopmentstatusofvarioussodiumbatteries,includingtheirstructures,workingprinciples,electrochemicalproperties,andmajorproblemstheyareconfronting.Finally,remarksaremadeonthefurtherdevelopmentsofsodiumbatteries.Keywordsenergystoragesodium-sulfurbatterysodium-nickelchloridebatterysodium-airbattery1                                                             2013-01-1550730001512722671985—/[e-mail] [1]200934802009111.852006 82201322020201020201720μg/g2.3%2.8%45[2]ZEBRAZEBRA119681[3]beta-3003502Na2e2Na1S2Na2ex2NaS(3~5)xx22NaSx2NaS(3~5)xx33501.782.076VNGK1983NGK1992200500kW80%400kW500kW34MWNGK20082010NGK200950%150MW[4-5]2009NGK150MW300MW2009NGK600MWNGK19922002200152011NGK6kW[6-8]2006820071650Ah20092MW650Ah 832 1[3]Fig.1SchematicillustrationofatubulardesignedNa-Scell[3] 2/3150W·h/kg2000.003%/NGK2011104201550MW PNNLNa-S[9]2600μm-Al2O31mol/LNaI600μm-1508.5×10–3S/cmNa2S4S1503150 2[9]Fig.2Schematicillustrationofamedium-temperatureplanardesignedNa-Scell[9] 8420132 3Na-S150[9]Fig.3Initialchargeanddischargecurvesandcyclingperformanceofthemedium-temperatureNa-Scellat150[9]Na2S5+SNa2S5+Na2S4Na2S4+Na2S26070%20PEOPVDFNa-S[10-14]AhnHyo-Jun[10]Na-S538mA·h/g10240mA·h/g[16]Na-SS655mA·h/g418500mA·h/gNa-SLi-SLi-S  4Na-S[11]Fig.4Initialchargeanddischargecurvesoftheroom-temperatureNa-Scellwithtetraglymeasthecatholytesolvent[11]2ZEBRAZEBRAzeroemissionbatteryresearchactivitiesNa-S-Al2O3ZEBRA1978ZebraPowerSystemsCoetzerBetaAEGDaimlerAnglo[15-16]ArgonneJetSEIKOBPSON[17-19]5ZEBRA[20]ZEBRA 852 5ZEBRA[20]Fig.5StructureandbasicelectrochemistryofZEBRAbattery[20]NiCl2FeCl2-ZEBRANaAlCl4-ZEBRA2503002Na2Na++2e–4NiCl2+2Na++2e–Ni+NaCl5NiCl2+2NaNi+NaCl63002.58V790W·h/kg/ZEBRA ZEBRAZEBRA[21]ZEBRAZEBRA2NaAlCl4+Ni2Na+2AlCl3+NiCl272953.05VNaAlCl4+3NaAl+4NaCl8ZEBRA[20,22-23]ZEBRA100%[24]ZEBRAZEBRA/ZEBRA94W·h/kgAlNaF140W·h/kgAlNaClNaAlCl4NaAlCl4FeCl2ZEBRAZEBRA 862013280%[25-26][27-28]2.8VNiCl22.8VZEBRAZEBRA-6[29]115W/kg-ZEBRA80W/kgZEBRA200W/kg150W/kg710[26]3000ZEBRAMAS-DEAGE2012 6-[29]Fig.6Twotypesofbeta-aluminaceramictubes[29] 710ab[26]Fig.7Dischargepropertiesandcyclingperformancesofa10-cellmodule[26] 872 ZEBRA1ZEBRA8[30]AEGAngloBatteriesGmbH/3690001=1609.3m1200[31]ZEBRARenaultTwingoClioOpelAstra3[33-34]ZEBRA 8ZEBRA[30]Fig.8Electricandhybrid-electricvehiclesassembledwithZEBRAcells[30]ZEBRA[25]ZEBRA3240A·hZEBRAZEBRA[32]Jet1980ZEBRA1990-LEOLEOZEBRAZEBRAZEBRA[33-34]ZEBRA--9PNNLZEBRA[33]ZEBRAZEBRA 9ZEBRA[33]Fig.9SchematicillustrationofaplanardesignedZEBRAcell[33] 8820132310[35] 10[35]Fig.10SchematicrepresentationofNa-O2batteryondischarge[35]Peled[36]20119811(b)ETEKE-TEKETEK11(a)ETEKNa2CO3Pt0.1mol/Lcalix[6]pyrroleCP1mol/LNaClO41%Al2O3/polyethyleneglycoldimethylether/propylenecarbonatePEGDME/PC9010CP 11ab[36]Fig.11Thebasiccomponents(a)andassembled-cell(b)photographsofsingle-cellsodium-airhardware[36]100Jürgen[37]2.2VNaO280%90%120μA/cm3.3mA·h4ZEBRA 892ZEBRAZEBRA--[1]YangZZhangJKintner-MeyerMCWetal.Electrochemicalenergystorageforgreengrid[J].Chem.Rev.201111153577-3613.[2]UebouYOkadaSYamakiJ.Electrochemicalinsertionoflithiumandsodiuminto(MoO2)2P2O7[J].J.PowerSources20031151119-124.[3]WenZHuYWuXetal.MainchallengesforhighperformanceNASBatteryMaterialsandinterfaces[J].Adv.Funct.Mater.2012DOI:10.1002/adfm.201200473.[4]Thevendor’sperspectiveonbarriersandissuesencounteredinU.S.developmentNGKInsulatorsLtd[N/OL].2009.[5]NASbatteries[N/OL].[6]WenZhaoyin.Sodiumsulfurcellanditsenergystorageapplication[J].ShanghaiEnergyConservation200727-10.[7]WenZGuZXuXetal.ResearchactivitiesinShanghaiInstituteofCeramicsChineseAcademyofSciencesonthesolidelectrolytesforsodiumsulfurbatteries[J].J.PowerSources20081842641-645.[8]WenZCaoJGuZetal.Researchonsodiumsulfurbatteryforenergystorage[J].SolidStateIonics200817927-321697-1701.[9]LuXKirbyBWXuWetal.Advancedintermediate-temperatureNa-Sbattery[J].EnergyEnviron.Sci.20136299-306.[10]RyuHKimTKimKetal.Dischargereactionmechanismofroom-temperaturesodium–sulfurbatterywithtetraethyleneglycoldimethyletherliquidelectrolyte[J].J.PowerSources2011196115186-5190.[11]WangJNuliJYYHolzeR.RoomtemperatureNa/Sbatterieswithsulfurcompositecathodematerials[J].Electrochem.Commun.20079131-34.[12]ParkCWRyuHSKi