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2009高考英语专题指导课件：定语从句考点透视一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。基本概念关系词关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere正确使用关系词主语宾语表语定语状语指代人或物功能指代时间地点原因功能选择依据：1）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、宾语、定语还是状语2）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、地点、原因3）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句)关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一在以下几种场合只能用thatA.先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.B.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词C.先行词(指物)被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等修饰D.先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.E.当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?考点二1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.１．Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.２．YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.３．MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.４．Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,______Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhomFillintheblanks1.Herbag,inwhichsheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?考点三1.Thegirl_____whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.Heistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend.3.Hereferredtosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配foronwithFillintheblanks方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,______whichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.2.Thelibrarian_____whomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.throughwith方法3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配1.Therate______whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.2.Thisisourclassroom,_______________（在前面）whichthereisateacher’sdesk.atinthefrontof名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?考点四1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5ofthemarewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.3.Ihaveasentence,andthemeaningofitIdon’tunderstand.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5ofwhomarewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostofwhichwerewrittenin1930s.Ihaveasentence,themeaningofwhichIdon’tunderstand.Rewritethefollowingsentences名词/代词/数词+of表示物用which表示人用whomConclusion如何恰当使用when,where,why与which,that引导的定语从句?考点五1.先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when,where,why在从句中作状语相当于相应的介词+which2.若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。ConclusionThelibrary_____________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.Thisisthetown______________Ispentmychildhood.where/inwhichwhich/thatI’llneverforgettheday____________wefirstmetinthepark.I’llneverforgetthetime__________Ispentwithyou.when/onwhichwhich/thatThisisthereason_________________Ididn’tcomehere.why/forwhichThereason__________shegavewasnottrue.which/that如何用好whose引导的定语从句?考点六whose表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhoseas和which的区别知多少？考点七as引导的限制性定语从句此时先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,as…as结构，做题时容易忽略。提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中出现as,请先考虑是否考查as引导的定语从句。as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语.1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:：asiswellknown/isknowntoallashasbeensaidbeforeashasbeenalreadypointedoutasweallcanseeasisexpected/hoped/supposed,.asisoftenthecase……as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知如前所述正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的情况常常如此5、which引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。Thedecisionwasright,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.6、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.7、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。Thatthingsimproved,whichastonishedme.8、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。Hewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.考点八定语从句运用中的注意点3、是用theone还是用that,which,where.（1）Isthisschool_______youstudy?（2）Isthistheschool______youstudyin?（3）Isthistheschool_______youstudy?（4）Isthisschool______isaseniorone?A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用theone的形式，接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用theonewhere，若作主语或宾语时，则用theone(that/which)DABE4、是用when还是用that,which（1）May1istheday______wespenttogether.（2）May1istheday________ijoinedthearmy.A.that/whichB.when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when,若作主语或宾语时，就用that/which.AB5.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1)I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.在这两句中，where引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation,表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。6、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.（2）Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse________heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/was…tha