测绘仪器介绍

辽宁科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）第1页1测绘仪器近代发展简史摘要科学是从测量开始的—这是19世纪著名科学家门捷列夫的名言。到了21世纪的今天，作为信息产业的三大关键技术之一，测试测量行业已经成为电子信息产业的基础和发展保障。而测试仪器作为测试测量行业发展不可或缺的工具，在测试测量行业的发展中起到了巨大的作用。中国“十一五”期间，由于国家不断增加基础建设的投入力度，在旺盛市场需求的带动下，对仪器需求不断增加，同时测试仪器市场也正在快速发展。全球测试仪器市场情况及分析国内电子测量仪器行业在经过一段沉寂后，慢慢开始复苏。产品大幅增长主要有两个原因，一是市场的巨大需求，特别是通信、广播电视市场的巨大发展，引发了电子测量仪器市场的迅速增长，二是电子测量仪器行业近几年迅速向数字化、智能化方向发展，推出了部分数字化产品，因而在若干个门类品种上取得了较快增长。从近期中国仪表行业发展的情况来看势头喜人的，与全国制造业一样，虽然遇到了不少困难但仍然保持了向上发展的态势。作来说更是质的飞跃。我国测绘仪器经历了几十年发展,由传统测绘仪器向现代测绘仪器演进。上世纪50年代开始测绘仪器中发展起来各种类型的电磁波测距仪,电磁波测距仪采用的测量定位方法由三角测量法扩展到精密导线测量及三边测量法。同时电子计算机的出现也将测算速度大大提升,测绘数据通过计算机的运算变得更加精确和快捷。最后卫星空间技术的发展大大推动了测绘仪器及测绘工作的发展。这些传统的测绘仪器在改革开放前是测绘事业的主要工具,对于建国后的建筑事业发挥了重要的作用,如电子经纬仪、电磁波测距仪、全站仪和电子水准仪等。关键词：，电子水准仪,电子经纬仪，全站仪，电磁波测距仪，GPS.辽宁科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）第2页2ThedevelopmentandclassificationofsurveyingandmappinginstrumentsAbstractThedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologydrivethedevelopmentofsurveyingandmappinginstruments,asthemaintoolforsurveyingandmappingtechnologysurveyingandmappinginstrumentsisindispensable.Sincethefoundingofourstate,notonlyeconomicdevelopedprosperity,butalsotheaccuracyandcontinuousofsurveyingandmappinginstrumentsofourcountryimprovedconstantlyandautomationdegreearehigher,whichnotonlychangethetraditionalmeasuringmethodforsurveyingandmappingwork,itisaqualitativeleap.SurveyingandmappinginstrumentsinChinaafterdecades,fromthetraditionaltothemodernsurveyingandmappinginstrumentsofsurveyingandmappinginstrumentsevolution.The1950ssurveyingandmappinginstrumentsdevelopedinvarioustypesofelectromagneticwaverangefinder,electromagneticwavetherangersurveylocalizationmethodbytrianglemeasuringmethodoftheextendedtotraversesurveyprecisionandtrilateralmeasuringmethod.Atthesametimetheemergenceofelectroniccomputerswillalsomeasurespeedgreatlyascend,surveyingandmappingdatathroughthecomputeroperationsbecomemoreaccurateandquick.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologyofsatellitespacegreatlypromotethesurveyingandmappinginstrumentsandthedevelopmentofthesurveyingandmappingwork.Thesetraditionalsurveyingandmappinginstrumentsinreformandopeningupisthemaincausebeforethesurveyingandmappingtools,forafterthefoundingofthearchitecturalcareerplayedanimportantrole,suchaselectronictheodolite,electromagneticwaverangefinder,electronictachometerandelectroniclevel,etc.Keywords:electronictheodolite,totalstation,electroniclevel,GPS辽宁科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）第3页3目录1绪论...................................................错误!未定义书签。1.1选题背景及目的.......................................错误!未定义书签。1.2国内外研究状况.......................................错误!未定义书签。1.3课题研究的内容.......................................................21.4国际测绘仪器发展趋势和国内现状.......................................22.仪器的简介............................................................22.1水准仪...............................................错误!未定义书签。2.1.2水准仪结构与分类...................................................62.1.3水准仪原理.........................................................92.1.4水准仪应用与精度...................................................82.1.5水准仪发展.........................................................92.1.6水准仪产品介绍.....................................................92.2全站仪...............................................................92.2.1全站仪原理.........................................................92.2.2全站仪发展........................................................102.2.3全站仪的分类......................................................102.2.4全站仪的结构......................................................102.2.5全站仪的应用......................................................112.2.6全含义的产品介绍..................................................112.3经纬仪..............................................................122.3.1经纬仪原理........................................................132.3.2经纬仪结构........................................................142.3.3经纬仪分类.........................................错误!未定义书签。2.3.4经纬仪发展........................................................162.3.5经纬仪应用........................................................172.3.6经纬仪的产品介绍..................................................172.4.测距仪..............................................................182.4.1测距仪分类........................................................19辽宁科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）第4页42.4.2测距仪原理........................................................202.4.3测距仪的应用.......................................错误!未定义书签。2.4.3测距仪的发展......................................................222.4.4测距仪的精度指标..................................................222.4.5测距仪的产品介绍..................................................232.5GPS.................................................................242.5.1GPS组成部分......................................................242.5.2GPS定位原理......................................................252.5.3GPS发展的主要趋势................................................262.5.4GPS的应用........................................................262.5.5GPS的精度指标....................................................262.5.6GPS的产品介绍...................................................27致谢.......................