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短文写作的基本要求根据《大纲》要求，考生应具备一般性英语书面表达能力，能够根据所给的提纲、情景或图表等按要求写出相应的短文。所写短文要求主题明确、条理清楚、语言比较规范。本部分采用提纲、情景或图表作文等考试形式。考生应按要求写出一篇不少于150单词的英语短文。本部分满分15分，考试时间30分钟。•本考试的短文写作题材一般都与日常生活、科普或政经常识有关，所给的写作题目都具有较强的可写性；考生应能够根据所给的提纲、情景或图表等写出适当的议论文、说明文、文字或图表描述文。写作题材•2.图表、看图作文是另一种主要形式图表作文要求对图表进行分析，总结图表数据所反映的现象，分析形成这一现象的原因，并做趋势的预测。写作题材•1.合理安排时间•1)读题和审题•2)构思及草拟提纲•3)全文写作•4)检查写作注意事项•2.认真审题•3.构思及草拟提纲•4.稳步展开思路，慎选句型•5.检查写作注意事项1．不会审题，偏离主题（紧张）无审题和构思的概念，有的担心时间不够，有的则是无从下笔，结果：文不对题；时间已不够。2．用汉语思维，逐字翻译3．用词搭配不当；词汇量不够；拼写错误英语写作问题5．句子逻辑关系混乱部分考生因受汉语结构的影响，对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不当，造成逻辑混乱。6．不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落关联词即过渡词，可以使上下句子和段落合理衔接、承上启下，并使表达合乎逻辑、结构严谨、文章紧凑。英语写作问题例如：PeoplelearnEnglishtouseit.Somelearnittostudyorworkabroad.OtherslearnittoreadbooksandmagazinesinEnglishorhavesomethingtodowithEnglish-speakingforeigners.采用适当关联词，可改进为：PeoplelearnEnglishforpracticalpurposes：somelearnittostudyorworkabroad，whileotherslearnittoreadorcommunicateinEnglish.英语写作问题7．语法错误（1）主谓一致：名次单复数，主语与谓语时态、语态的一致（2）谓语动词：分不清及物动词与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise；hear和listen等。被动语态与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested；speaking和spoken等。（3）主从复合句的使用8.不进行认真检查英语写作问题•主题句发展句发展句发展句结尾句段落的写作•段落主题句要清楚、明确段落主题句ComputerisveryimportantThecomputerplaysaneducationalroleinourdailylife.BigcitieshavetrafficproblemsTrafficproblemsinbigcitiesareserious,whichcanbefoundinseveralways.•写作方法•1)排列顺序•2）分类•3）比较和对照发展句连接词连接:表示举例:forexample,forinstance,asacaseinpoint,inthecaseof,asanillustration,suchas,like,thatis,say,as,take…asanexample发展句的衔接和过渡连接词连接:表示比较：similarly,likewise,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,thesame…as,like,both,equallyimportant,inthemeantime,meanwhile,comparedwith表示原因:because;as;since;for;owningto;dueto;asaresultof;onaccountof；表示对照：onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;bycontrast;unlike;whereas;ratherthan;conversely;instead;theoppositeistrue;incontrast;incomparison表示转折:although;though;nevertheless;however;but;admittedly;itistrue…but;inspiteof;eventhough;yet;rather;while/although;despite表示结果：thus;so;hence;consequently;therefore;accordingly;forthisreason;asaconsequence;therefore;asaresult;generallyspeaking;表示强调:chiefly;especially;indeed;infact;certainly;particularly;tobesure;actually;aboveall;mostimportant;worse;asamatteroffact;nodoubt表示顺承:and;also;furthermore;likewise;inaddition(to);moreover;first;second;thirdetc.表示递进:first;second;inthefirstplace;inthesecondplace;next;also;besides;furthermore;moreover;inaddition;whatismore;foronething;foranother;notonly…butalso表示结论:inconclusion;inshort;onthewhole;finally;lastly;tosumup;toconclude;inanyevent;inbrief;insummary;inaword写作技巧1.根据文章大意判断作文题型。2.各种题型的写作方法。现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象→分析原因→对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题→得出结论→举例论证→得出结论(证明观点的正确性)。提纲式作文Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicAdvertisingaccordingtothefollowingoutline(giveninChinese).Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononthecompositionSheetclearlyandneatly.1。广告的坏处2。广告的好处3。你的看法AdvertisingTheharmfuleffectsofadvertisingareobvious.Itisquiteeasytofindreasonsforattackingadvertising.Firstly,ittendstobeextremelycostlyandthiscostmusteventuallybepaidbytheconsumers.Secondly,itusesupvaluablehumanresources.Theadvertisingprofessionoccupiesmanyofthebestbrainsinanycountry.Inaddition,fromthesocialstandpoint,advertisingpromotesimageoversubstanceandastandardizationoftaste.However,therearealsoanumberofpersuasiveargumentsadvancedindefenseofadvertising.Inthefirstplace,ithadavaluableinformativefunction,helpingpotentialcustomersknowaboutthecharacteristics,andpricesofproductsorwheretheycanbuyaparticularproductcheaply.Then,bystimulatingdemandforsuccessfulproducts,advertingcreatesjobsinthemanufacturingandservicesectors.IfImustchoosebetweenlivinginasocietywithtypicaladvertisingorwithoutadvertising,personally,Iprefertheformerbecauseadvertisingonthewholeisgoodinspiteofitsdeficienciesandproblems.Inmyopinion,thereisnoneedforustogiveupeatingforfearofchoking.命题式作文Directions:Forthispart,you’regiven30minutestowriteacompositionaccordingtothetitlegivenbelow.Yourwritingshouldbelessthan120wordsandremembertowriteinreadablehandwritingontheCompositionSheet.MobilePhonesMobilephones,aproductofmodernelectronics,aregainingincreasingpopularityamongpeopleinChina.Severalreasonsaccountforthepopularityofthemobilephones.Firstly,mobilephonesareportable.peoplecancarrythemeverywherewithgreatease.Secondly,mobilephonescanconveyinformationwithgreatspeed.Ontheotherhand,mobilephonesalsohavesomedisadvantages.Somepeoplecomplainthatmobilephonesgiveunpleasantnoiseonsomewrongoccasions,likeduringameeting,inanexam,orlateatnight.Moreover,theelectromagneticwaveemittedfromthephoneissaidtobeharmfulanddoesoftencauseheadachestotheowner.Finally,peoplehavetogotoworksometimesbecausewiththemobilephonethebosscanreachthemeasilyduringtheirfreetime.Thiscutsintopeople’ssparetime.Inmyopinion,mobilephones,despitetheirdisadvantages,aretostayinpeople’slivesinthenearfuture.Theyhavechangedthewaywecommunicatewitheachotherandmadeourlifemoreconven