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基本句型主语(subject)：是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体．谓语(predicate)：它的位置一般在主语之后．谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成．表语(subject)：表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。Smokingisbadforyou.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.宾语(object)：在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。定语(attribute)：用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。状语(adverbial)：是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。补语(complement)：是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语（subjectcomplement），补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语（objectcomplement）.S/主语V/系动词P/表语Thedinnersmellsdelicious.Hefellinlove.EverythinglooksdifferentHeisgrowingtallandstrong.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.Hisfaceturnedred.1．主语+系动词+表语：其常见的句型：1)S+Link-v+N/Pron(名词/代词）Heisaboy.Thisismine.2)S+Link-v+Adj（形容词）Sheisbeautiful.3)S+Link-v+Adv(副词）Classisover.4)S+Link-v+PrepPhrase（介词短语）Heisingoodhealth.5)S+Link-v+Participle(分词）Heisexcited.Thefilmisinteresting.句子成分索引主语：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.词组或复合结构；7.从句；如：Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.Whoisspeaking,please?ThisisJackspeaking.Twowillbeenough.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswasanunforgettableexperienceforme.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,happyandwise.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.“A”isanarticle.表语：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.形容词；5.分词；6.动名词；7.不定式；8.副词；9.介词短语；10.词组；11.从句，如：Themassesaretherealheroes.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.Myideaisthis.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.Wemustbeoffnow.Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.句子成分索引basicstructure(主系表）1.我的兄弟都是大学生。2.这本书是关于美国历史的书。3.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。4.他失业了。5.树叶已经变黄了。6.这个报告听起来很有意思。7.布朗夫人看起来很健康。8.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。9.孩子们，请保持安静。1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.3Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.4Heisoutofwork.5Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.6Thereportsoundsinteresting.7Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy8Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.9.Children,keepquietplease.状语：1.副词；2.介词短语；3.不定式；4.分词；5.形容词；6.词组；7.复合结构；8.从句，如：Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.(副词)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.(不定式)Isaiditinfun.(介词短语)Theyallrushedover,eagertohelp.(形容词)Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.(形容词)Weareworkingdayandnight….(词组)Hecameupshoulderingaspade.(分词)Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.(词组)Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.(分词)Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.(复合结构)句子成分索引2．主语+谓语(不及物动词）：Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.注：这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，状语并非结构上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就引出了下列句型：1)S+Vi+adverbial(状语）Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+prepPhrase（介词短语）Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式）Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+Participle(分词）I'llgoswimming.Basicstructure(主谓结构）1.他昨天回家很晚。2.那天早上我们谈了很多。3.会议将持续两个小时。4.1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(theMayFourthMovement)5.这个盒子重五斤。6.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。7.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆借书。8.秋天有些鸟飞到南方。9.五年前我住在北京。10.在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2.Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.6.John’sfatherdiedlastnight.7.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.9.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.10.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词；2.代词；3.数词；4.动名词；5.不定式；6.复合结构；7.从句如：Shediedaheroicdeath.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.Howmanydoyouwant?Weneedtwo.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.Learntoplaythepiano.I’llgetitstamped.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?句子成分索引3．主语+谓语+宾语：1)S+Vt+N/PronSheisreadinganovel.Ilikeher.Thisfactorymakesmachinetools.2)S+Vt+infinitive(不定式）Iwanttohelphim.常用此结构动词：attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish3)S+Vt+Gerund(动名词)Ienjoylivinghere.常用此结构的动词：admit,advise,avoid,consider,imagine,enjoy,finish,quit,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,can'thelp4)S+Vt+Wh-Word+InfinitiveIdon'tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.5)S+Vt+object-clauseIdon'tthink(that)heisright.Idon’tknowwherewe’llgo.S/主语V/及物动词/谓语O/宾语Shesmiledherthanks.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.Heenjoyreading.Theyatewhatwasleftover.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.Basicstructure(主谓宾）1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.那位先生能流利的说三国语言。3.你介意我开窗户吗？4.你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。5.他指出我的作文中的错误。6.他们高度赞扬了英雄的事迹。7.我们必须派人去请医生。8.你在工作中可以依靠他。9.写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。10.他们不能决定是否留下来还是离开．1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.3.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.4.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.5.Hepointedoutthemistakesinmycomposition.6.Theysanghighpraiseforthedeedsofthehero.7.Wemustsendforadoctor.8.Youcandependonhiminyourwork.9.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgothroughit.10.Theycouldn’tdecidewhethertoleaveornot.1.好像他昨天回家很晚。（seem）2.就是在1919年，在北京爆发了“五四运动”。（theMayFourthMovement；要用强调句型）3.据说会议将持续两小时。（said）4.曾经有一段时期他住在北京。（用定语从句）5.那是他第二次去图书馆借书。（Thatwasthe…timethat…）1.Itseemsthatshewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2.Itissaidthatthemeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Itwasin1919thattheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijing.4.TherewasatimewhenhelivedinBeijing.5.Thatwasthesecondtimethathehadcomet