大家学习网bbs.TopSage.com考研基础班网络课堂写作讲义北京新东方学校王江涛第一节考研写作总论一、课程安排:1、考研写作总论:评卷实例、复习计划、学习方法、大纲解读2、应用文:书信类、告示类3、段落写作:真题透视、框架结构、启承转合4、两图写作(00、03、06、07)5、一图写作(98、01、02、04、05)6、图表作文二、评卷实例:2001年真题Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehadhis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,2)giveaspecificexample,and3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.1、20分范文:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest.Itisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove.Asisdescribedinthepicture,“loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.”Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.大家学习网bbs.TopSage.comSotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don’thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.2、18分范文Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferentpeopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.Asisshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistellsusasimpletruth:Loveislikealamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithoughtsheneededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwasneededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampindarkplaces.Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Inthisway,wecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.三、复习计划:1、考前复习:1)攻克词汇:2)精研真题:词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵3)适当模考:2、写作练习:3、时间分配:1)14:00-14:15写作A节2)14:15-14:50写作B节3)14:50-16:00阅读A节4)16:00-16:20完型填空5)16:20-16:40阅读B节6)16:40-17:00阅读C节第二节应用文一、学习方法:(一)提高实力:1、十遍精读:1)精彩词汇2)精彩词组3)精彩句型4)句子结构:简单句(主干+修饰成分)、从句、时态、冠词、主谓一致5)段落结构:总分总,主题句+论证(+小结)大家学习网bbs.TopSage.com6)关联词:小作文3-5个,大作文5-7个7)同义替换:词汇+句型8)代词替换:it,that,they9)精彩观点:10)原因建议:2、背诵:滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善3、默写:发现写作弱点4、中译英:提高写作实力5、写作:模仿(二)掌握技巧:万能框架二、大纲解读:(一)评价目标:考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时,考生应能:1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当使用语域。(二)考试内容:该部分由A、B两节组成,考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。A节:考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。B节:要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。(三)评分原则和方法:1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同,但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的,所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点,评分是会有不同的侧重点。A节应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B节B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。文章长度不符合要求的,酌情扣分。4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考大家学习网bbs.TopSage.com虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5、如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。三、书信格式:(一)称呼1、写给机构1)不认识负责人:DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,2)认识负责人:DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)Wang,2、写给个人1)关系不亲密:DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)Wang,2)关系亲密:DearMichael,(二)正文:3段、7句、100-120词、3-5关联词、3-5从句1、第一段:2句1)自我介绍(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.(2)Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromtheDepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.2)写作目的:Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommycurrentpost/position.2、第二段:3句1)改写提纲一:1句2)改写提纲二:1句3)改写提纲三:1句3、第三段1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外)(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.2)期待回信(1)Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.(三)落款Yourssincerely,LiMing四、书信类应用文:1、大纲样题:订购信Directions:YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealette