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定语从句(1)AttributiveclausesStep1:开篇语1.定语从句是英语语法的重点，在文章的阅读中有着举足轻重的地位，本课将从定语，先行词，关系词等核心概念为你耐心讲解；2.关系代词that/which/who/whom在句中作什么成分？是否可以省略，本课通过典型例题为你支高招；Step2:RevisionIdonotknowhowtodealwithit.主语谓语宾语主语subject----表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，也就是动作的发出者。谓语predicate----说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”，也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。宾语object----表示动作、行为的对象，也就是动作的接受者。Coloursinfluenceourmoods.主语谓语宾语Step3:LeadinPleaseguesstheChinesemeaningofthefollowingproverbs(谚语):1.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.3.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Tips:在平时的学习中请注意积累相关的谚语或成语，不仅可以掌握相关的语法结构，还可以灵活地运用到写作当中，给文章增色Step4:LearnattributiveclausesTask1:Learnsomeknowledgeabouttheattributiveclauses1.定语2.定语从句3.先行词和关系词4.关系词的作用5.定语从句的结构1.什么是定语(attribute)？Ilikethecolours.Whichcolours?energeticanancientcountrythecolourofwisdomthehigh-speedrailwayconnectingAtoBthepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost定语---是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常翻译成“……的”前置定语---单词、或单个的分词做定语时通常放在它修饰的词之前做前置定语1.WuWeiisabornartist.2.TanDunlovesthesoundsoftherushingwater.后置定语--介词短语、分词短语和定语从句通常放在它所修饰的词之后，作后置定语1.Peopleincoldareaspreferwarmcoloursintheirhomes.2.TheDiarywaswrittenbyagirlnamedAnneFrank.3.Hecareforthechildrenwhohavelosttheirparents.4.Thebloodhehasdonatedisenoughtosaveover70lives.Ipreferthepencil.whichone?Thepencilcostme10yuan.Iprefercostme10yuan.which/thatThepencilthepencil..2.什么是定语从句(attributiveclause)？定语从句---在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子定语从句---在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子1.Heneverforgetsthethingsheneedstodo.2.Youshouldpaynoattentiontothosewholaughatyou.3.HegaveourTVtofamilywhocouldnotaffordone.Tips:定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句,于是我们只要找到了被修饰的名词或代词，则修饰它的句子就是定语从句。3.什么是先行词和关系词？Mydadhasafriendwho/thatisgoodatEnglish.定语从句关系代词who/that为关系代词，在从句中代替friend.先行词Mydadhasafriend.HeisgoodatEnglish.3.先行词——是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。4.关系词——是引导定语从句的关联词，在从句中替代先行词。注意:从句必须紧跟在先行词后。4.关系词(relativepronoun)的作用是什么呢？a．引导定语从句；b．代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）；Hewrotemanybooks.Thebookssoldwell.---Hewrotemanybookswhich/thatsoldwell.c．在定语从句中担当一个成分----主语或宾语Idon’tlikethemanthat/whoissmoking.（主语）Thisisthereply(that/which)I’vejustreceived.(宾语)5.定语从句的结构….先行词（名词/代词）+关系代词（who/which/that/whom)+….1.Heneverforgetsthethingsthat/whichheneedstodo.2.Youshouldpaynoattentiontothosethat/wholaughatyou.3.Doyouknowtheteachersthat/whoaresittinginourclassroomnow?Task2:Howtomakeaattributiveclause?将两个句子合并成定语从句Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadinganarticle.ThearticleisaboutTom.I’mreadinganarticlethat/whichisaboutTom.2.Sheisateacher.TheteacherteachesusEnglish.Sheisateacherthat/whoteachesusEnglish.3.Whereisthecoat?Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthecoatwhich/thatyouboughtlastweek?1.找先行词2.换关系词3.抄其余部分Task3:Howtouserelativepronouns?如何使用关系代词that/which/who/whom？which代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语1.Ican’tfindtheletter.Thelettercamethismorning.2.Pleasegivemethebook.Thebookisabouttravel.3.Thisisthebag.Mymotherboughtitlastweek.4.Thehouseismadeofwood.Jackbuiltthehouse.Thisisthebagwhichmymotherboughtlastweek.Ican’tfindtheletterwhichcamethismorning.Pleasegivemethebookwhichisabouttravel.ThehousewhichJackbuiltismadeofwood.关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略,做主语时,不能省略。//thatthatthatthat/thatthat代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。1.TheboyiscalledTom.Theboybrokethewindow.TheboythatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.2.Mr.Liistheperson.Youtalkedwiththepersononthebus.Mr.Liuisthepersonthatyoutalkedwithonthebus.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。/who代替人.在从句中可充当主语。Doyouknowthegirl?whichgirl?1.Thegirlisrunningonthegrass.2.Thegirllikessingingverymuch.1.Doyouknowisrunningonthegrass.2.Doyouknowlikessingingverymuch.whowhothegirlThegirlthegirlThegirl??who/whom代替人,在从句中充当宾语。Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.HeisthemanItoldyouabout.Themanisateacher.Isawthemanjustnow.Themanisateacher.whoIsawjustnowwhomthemanwhowhomhim.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhomSummary关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××Howtouse‘Relativepronouns’?何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）Task4强调特例(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。1.Thosewhoagainsttheplanputupyourhands.(be)2.Themanwhonexttoourssellsvegetables.(live)3.Tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be)areliveswere4.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be)was(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。1.Didyoureadthebook________Ilendtoyou?A.whoseB./C.whoD.what2.Didyoureadthebook_______waspopularatthemoment.A.thatB./C.whoD.whatBA（3）关系代词有时只能用that,不可用which,初中常见的有以下两种情况ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.2.先行词同时包括人或物时1.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Task5:DoexercisesExercise1:1.Thewoman_____isinredishismother.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which2.Wesawafilm______wasaboutanoldstory.A.whenB.whoC.thatD.where3.Ionlyeatfood______ishealthy.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.whose4.Ilikesingers______differentkindsofmusic.A.whoplaysB.whoplayC.whocanplaysD.whomplaysTheboy__________isstandingunderthetreeismyfriendTom.Helivesinahouse___________standsonahill.Thatlittlegirl________________TomoftenhelpsishissisterMary.Thebird_________issinginginthecageisTom’stoo.Bobishisdog__________TomandMaryoftenplaywith.Thedogisgreat.Yesterdayhecaughtathief___________runningaway.Exercise2