千岛之国-克罗地亚-非常棒

千岛之国-克罗地亚CroatiaalandofthousandislandsAnoverviewofitshistory,cultureandnaturalbeautyByZdeslavHrepicFortHaysStateUniversityOVERVIEW•GeneralfactsandGeography•Whatweareproudof…•HistoryandLanguage•ArtandArchitecture•WorldheritageinCroatia(UNESCO’slist)•Landscape•MusicandDancesHOWTOGETTOCROATIA?CROATIAISOnthecrossroadsbetweenCentralEuropeandtheMediterraneanGENERALFACTSOfficialname:REPUBLICOFCROATIAOfficiallanguage:CROATIANAlphabet:LATIN(2001.Census)Ethniccomposition:89,6%Croats4,5%Serbs0,5%Bosnians0,4%Italians0,4Hungarians6,6%othersReligions:87,8%R.Catholic1,3%Islam0,9%Orthodox0,4%Protestant3,9%Atheists3.0%Agnostics2,2%AtheistsCAPITAL-ZAGREBChurchofSt.MarkOldtownandCathedralCOATOFARMSANDFLAG~7ct.~16ct.todayECONOMY-TOURISMECONOMY-SHIPBUILDINGInthesecondhalfofthe1980-tiestheCroatianshipbuildingindustrywasatthethirdplaceintheworld,(afterJapanandSouthKorea).MadeinSplit,CroatiaECONOMY-AGRICULTURESOUTHCROATIAECONOMY-AGRICULTURENORTHCROATIARELIEFARCHIPELAGO1,185islandsandrocks66inhabitedOneof10nationsintheworldwithmorethan1000islandsTotalCoastlinelength5,835km(Islands70%-Mainland30%)CROATIANARCHIPELAGOAccordingtoAmericanjournalCruisingWorld,togetherwiththeCaribbean,amongthebestsailingareasintheworld.BEACHESBEACHESLIGHTHOUSES66bigstonelighthousesfrom19ct.CROATIANSHIPSSagina10–11ct.DubrovnikNava16ct.FALKUSACroatianfishermanboat(18ct.)WHATWEAREPROUDOF…SPORT-GORANIVANISEVIC..andwelcomeinhishometown-SplitWinnerWIMBLEDONCHAMPION2001NBAPLAYERSFROMCROATIADrazenPetrovicRadjavs.RodmanToniKukocZanTabakBasketballteamfromSplit-severaltimesEuropeanchampions.NATIONALSOCCERTEAMNote:CroatiahaslesspeoplethanBrazilorGermanyhasregisteredsoccerplayersandisabitsmallerinsizethanWestVirginia!CROATIATheThirdBestTeamintheWorldDavorSukerwontheGoldenBootforscoringthemostGoals(France1998)DALMATIANDOG–NATIVECROATIAN101DALMATIANDalmatia-thecoastalpartofCroatiaRecognizedasCroatianautochthonousbreed(FCI-153)CroatianMascot-2000OlympicgamesSydneyCROATIA-HOMELANDOFCRAVATSEverydaywornbythe600millionmenaroundtheworld.French-laCravateGerman-dieKrawatteEnglish–CravatItalian-CravattaSpanish-CorbataPortuguese-GravataIrish-CarabhatSwedish-KravattFinnish-KravattiFlemish-KrawaatPolish-KrawatUkrainian-KravatkaHungarian–KravatCroatian-KravataCROATIAAtraditionintroducedbyCroatiansoldierswhoworeasmallneckerchiefofsilkorcloth,tiedinaknotaroundtheirnecks.AcceptedinEuropeduring1618-1648whentworegimentsofCroatiansoldierswereservingLuisXIV.After“laCravate”becomepopularatFrenchcourt,fashionspreadfastfurther.HOMELANDOFCRAVATSOLDESTUNIVERSITIESBologna1219Padova1220Paris1220Oxford1249Lisabon1290Rome1303Cambridge1318Florence1321Praha1348Krakow1364Vienna1365Heidelberg1385ZADAR1396andZAGREB1669ZADAR1396Rostock1419Glasgow1453Copenhagen1479Mainz1494Edinburgh1582Dublin1591Lwow1661ZAGREB1669Göttingen1736Erlangen1743,Moscow1775Berlin1809SaintPetersburg1819London1825Helsinki1826Kiev1834Athens1834Tokyo1881Constantinople1900…INVENTORS-PARASHUTEFaustVrancic(1551-1617)fromSibenikinventedandconstructedaparashuteandalsoperformedafirstjumpsinordertotestit.WrotefamousbookonmechanicsMachinaenovae(61constructions,Venice,1595)-soontranslatedfromLatinintoItalian,Spanish,FrenchandGermanAsketchofhiswellknownHomovolans(parachutist)appearinginMachinaenovae-oftenwronglyattributedtoLeonardodaVinci.INVENTORS-PENSlavoljubEduardPenkala(1871-1922)fromZagrebinventedamechanicalballpenwhichisbearinghisnameandnowitisineverydayuse.NIKOLATESLA(1856-1943)BorninCroatia(atthattimewithinAustro-Hungary)Thefatherofalternatingcurrenttechnology,productionandtransmissionofelectricalenergyasweknowittoday.GreatcontributioninhighfrequencytechnologyandwirelesscommunicationsMorethan700patents(manuscriptsstilltopsecretofUSministryofdefense)RefusedtoreceivetheNobelprizewhichhehadtosharewithT.A.Edison.TheunitformagneticinductionnamedafterhimTheInventorWhoChangedtheWorldNIKOLATESLAWhenhismotherdied,in1892,hepaidavisittoZagreb,Croatiancapital,wherehegavealectureaboutalternatingcurrent.Onthatoccasionhesaid:Tesla’smonument,carvedbyCroatiansculptorFranoKrsinic,nearTesla'shydropowerplantonNiagaraFalls.“IamequallyproudofmyCroatianmotherlandandSerbiandescent”.N.Tesla“AsasonofmyhomelandIfeelitismydutytohelpthecityofZagrebineveryrespectwithmyadviceandwork”andsuggestedtobuildalternatingcurrentpowerplant.TWOCROATIANSCIENTISTSRudjerBoskovic(1711-1787),nameofthemountainonthevisibleside.(forerunnerofmodernphysicsfortwocenturies–theoryofatomicforces)ONTHEMAPOFTHEMOONAndrijaMohorovicic(1857-1936)nameofthemountainonthedarkside(discovereddiscontinuityinEarthcrustnamedafterhim-Moho-layerorMoho-discontinuity.CROATS–NOBELPRIZEWINNERSLavoslavRuzicka,ofaCroat/Czechorigin.BorninVukovar,Croatia.StudiedinZagreb.Fordiscoveriesinorganicchemistry1939.IvoAndric,ACroatborninDolac,BosniaandHerzegovina.StudiedinZagreb.Forliterature,1961.VladimirPrelog,aCroatborninSarajevo,BosniaandHerzegovina.StudiedinZagreb.Fordiscoveriesinorganicchemistry,1975.FIRSTPUBLICTHEATERIN