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专题三议论文专题三│议论文专题导读议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：1．开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。2．导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。3．最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。真题再现[2009·福建改编]Childrenfindmeaningsintheiroldfamilytales.WhenStephenGuyer’sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowtheirgrandfather,abanker,__1__allinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimeswhentheirstrongmindedgrandfatherwasnearly__2__，heloadedhisfamilyintothecarandtookthemtoseefamilymembersinCanadawitha__3__，“therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”The__4__tookonanewmeaningrecentlywhenMr.Guyerdownsizedtoa__5__housefromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableone.Hewas__6__thathischildren，adaughter,15,andtwinsons,22,wouldbeupset.Tohissurprise,theyweren’t.Instead,theirreactionechoed(共鸣)theirgreat-grandfather’s.Whatthey__7__washowwarmthepeoplewereinthehouseandhowmuchoftheirheartwasaccessible.Manyparentsarefindingfamilystorieshavesurprisingpowertohelpchildrenthroughhardtimes.Storytellingexpertssaythephenomenonreflectsagrowing__8__intellingtales,evidencedbyariseinastorytellingeventsandfestivals.Auniversity__9__of65familieswithchildrenagedfrom14to16foundkids’abilityto__10__parents’storieswaslinkedtoalowerrateofangerandanxiety.Thetrickistellingthestoriesinawaychildrencan__11__.We’renottalkinghereaboutthekindofstorythatbegins,“WhenIwasakid,Iwalkedtoschooleverydayuphillbothways,barefootinthesnow.”Instead,weshouldchooseastorysuitedtothechild’s__12__,andmakeeyecontacttocreate“apersonalexperience”.Wedon’thavetotellchildrenwhattheyshouldtakefromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.()1.A.missedB．lostC．forgotD．ignored()2.A.friendlessB．worthlessC．pennilessD．homeless()3.A.hopeB．promiseC．suggestionD．belief()4.A.taleB．agreementC．arrangementD．report()5.A.largeB．smallC．newD．grand()6.A.surprisedB．annoyedC．disappointedD．worried()7.A.talkedaboutB．caredaboutC．wroteaboutD．heardabout()8.A.argumentB．skillC．interestD．anxiety()9.A.studyB．designC．committeeD．staff()10.A.provideB．retellC．supportD．refuse()11.A.performB．writeC．hearD．question()12.A.needsB．activitiesC．judgmentsD．habits【文章大意】文章通过StephenGuyer给他的三个孩子讲述他们祖父艰苦创业的故事而引起孩子们的共鸣的例子说明了一个观点：给孩子们讲故事时，要注意满足孩子们的需要，还要注意眼神的交流，采用孩子们易于接受的形式，并不要出现说教。1．B考查动词辨析。根据后一句中的动词lose可知此处选B。2．C考查形容词辨析。penniless身无分文的。根据前文的darkesttimes，以及下文对当时情况的描述“therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney”可知此处选C。如果不注意分析下文的语境，就会误以为他们一家已经无家可归而不得不乘车去找家里的其他人而误选homeless(无家可归的)。friendless没有友谊的，无依无靠的；worthless没有价值的。3．D考查名词辨析。由语境可知，当时他们已经身无分文了，所以可以推断出所填词意思是信念(belief)。也就是下文所说的“therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney”。hope希望；promise诺言；suggestion建议。4．A考查语境化选词。这里就是指的上文所说的故事，所以用tale，也可以由文章首句得到启示，故选A。agreement同意，协议；arrangement安排；report报告。5．B考查语境化选词。根据downsize可知此处选B。句意为：Mr.Guyer从一个很贵、舒适的大房子搬到一个小房子里。6．D考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于搬到小房子之后，生活条件的落差很大，他担心(worried)他15岁的女儿和22岁的双胞胎儿子会沮丧，故选D。surprise吃惊；annoy恼怒；disappoint失望。7．B考查动词短语辨析。talkabout谈论，讨论；careabout注意，关心；writeabout写关于……的事；hearabout听说。由句意可知此处选B。8．C考查名词辨析。前文提到讲述家人以前的故事的积极作用，所以这里的意思是：故事专家们说这种现象反映了人们对讲述家庭故事产生越来越大的兴趣，故选C。argument辩论；skill技巧；anxiety焦虑。9．A考查名词辨析。study研究。下文介绍的是研究的结果，所以这里的意思是：一所大学对于65个有14到16岁孩子的家庭的研究发现，能复述父辈故事的孩子们易怒和焦虑的概率相对较低。design设计；committee委员会；staff全体员工。10．B考查动词辨析。retell复述。句意见上一题。provide提供；support支持；refuse拒绝。11．C考查动词辨析。句子意思是：讲这种故事的技巧是用一种孩子们能听的方式来讲。12．A考查固定搭配。suited可以推断出此处选A；suitone’sneeds满足某人的需要。句意为：我们讲这些故事应该满足孩子们的需要，并且注意目光接触，也没有必要告诉他们应该从故事中学到什么(这样才会有效果)。专题预测(一)WhenWinstonChurchillwasayoungman,hisfatherconcludedthatChurchillwas“unfitforacareerinlaworpolitics”becausehedidsobadlyinschool.WhenCharlesDarwinwasgettingreadyto__1__onhisfiveyearexpeditiononTheBeagle,hisfatherwasextremely__2__.Hethoughthissonwasfallingintoalifeofsinandidleness.GeorgeWashington’smotherwasacomplaining,selfcenteredwomanbyallaccounts.ShethoughtlittleofWashington’sachievementsanddidn’t__3__ateitherofhispresidentialinaugurations(就职典礼).Shewasalwayscomplainingthather__4__overlookedherandshewasespeciallyangrywhenhersonGeorgeranofftocommandthearmyfortheAmericanRevolution.She__5__believeditwashisdutytostayhomeandtakecareofher.Inhisyouth,thelateLeonardBernstein,oneofthemosttalentedandsuccessfulcomposersinAmericanhistory,wascontinuallypressuredbyhisfathertogiveuphis__6__anddosomethingworthwhile,likehelpingoutinhisfamily’sbeautysupplybusiness.AfterLeonardbecame__7__，hisfatherwasaskedaboutthat,andheanswered,“Well,howwasIsupposedtoknowhewastheLeonardBernstein？”Peoplemaycriticizeyouormakefunofyourideasoractivelytryto__8__you.Oftentheireffortsareonlyattemptstoprotectyoufromfailure.Butobviouslyfailureisonlyapossibilityifyoustop.Ifyoukeep__9__，a“failure”isjustanotherlearning__10__.Besides,givinguponaheartfeltgoalisworsethanfailing.“Manypeopledie”，saidWendellHolmes,“Withtheirmusicstillinthem.”That’satruetragedy.Solisten__11__totheworriesandcriticismsofyourfriendsandfamily,anddoyourbesttoputtheirmindsatease,butthencarr