雅思语法之定语从句

什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.Eg:ablueseaahandsomeboyHegavemeabasketfullofeggs.Let’sgosomewherequiet.定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。1.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的关系词，一定要在从句中充当成分。关系词分关系代词和关系副词一、关系代词关系代词：who,whom,that，which,whose。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。1）指人：who,whom,thatEg：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）一、关系代词2）指物：that，whichEg：Thisisthepen(which/that)heboughtyesterday.（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（which/that在句中作宾语）一、关系代词3）指人或物：whose=sb's/sth's(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）Eg:Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom√√√√√√√√√√√√××××何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略定语从句使用中的特殊情况二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.aboutthat(X)that(X)定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadseenabroad.2.先行词是something,anything,all,nothing等不定代词时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.二、关系副词关系副词：when，where，why（做状语）1.when先行词为时间名词作时间状语指时间,在从句中表示“在...时”、=in/on...+which3.why先行词为reason作原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为...原因“=forwhich2.where先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene)作地点状语指地点,在从句中表示“在...地点=in/on...+which二、关系副词Istillremembertheday..=when(1)(2)onthedayIcamehere=onwhich我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。关系副词：whenIstillrememberthedayonwhich/whenIcamehere.Thisisthehouse.lastyear.=inwhich=whereIlivedinthehouse(1)(2)(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereIlivedlastyear.关系副词：where就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。Hegaveareason.=forwhich=why(1)(2)forthereason.peoplelikemusic(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。关系副词：whyHegaveareasonforwhich/whypeoplelikemusic.介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况3Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof_____isahill.Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.Hehasthreesisters,allof________areabroad.whichwhomJointhefollowingsentences:介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句的关系词：who,whom,whose,which,where,when,why非限定性定语从句:1)从形式上看：主从句之间用逗号隔开。Eg:Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)从内容上看：主从句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用。Eg:Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:①限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。Eg:Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney．②非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。Eg:WangDong,whoisintheroom,wantstoaskyousomequestions．③另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。Intheirclass,therearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell．在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）Intheirclass,therearefifteenstudents，whocanspeakEnglishwell他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）（限定性定语从句）(非限定性定语从句）