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Module5EthnicCulture1.过去分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。过去分词作状语2.过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因、条件、让步的分词短语相当于相对应的状语从句。其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致,过去分词与逻辑主语一般是被动关系。①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。Acceptedbytheparty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheparty.入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.团结则存,分裂则亡。Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。⑤表方式或伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语或表示伴随情况,用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下,分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,它可在句首、句末,间或在句中。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。Theoldman,deeplymoved,thankedtheboysagainandagain.老人被深深地感动了,一遍又一遍地感谢孩子们。注意:在使用过去分词作状语时要特别注意过去分词的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语,其逻辑主语与过去分词的关系是被动关系。下面的例子就可以说明这个问题。同样conj+非谓语动词单独使用时,非谓动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语须相一致。Ifgivenenoughtime,wefinishedthework.If(weare)givenenoughtime,Hearingthesadnews,tearscamedowntothegirl’seyes.正:Whensheheardthenews,…•________fromthetopofthebuilding,theschoollooksbeautiful.•________fromthetopofthebuilding,wefoundtheschoolbeautiful.seeSeenSeeing•从楼顶上看,学校看起来很美。•我们从楼顶往下看,发现学校很美。这里第一句seen的逻辑主语是school,其关系是被动关系;第二句seeing的逻辑主语是we,其关系是主动关系。•____________(compare)ShanghaiwithXi’an,wefoundShanghaiislarge.•__________(compare)withXi’an,Shanghaiislarge.•________(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.•________(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.ComparingLosingLostCompared•_______________________(nottell)aheadoftime,hedidn’tknowthemeetingwasputoff.•________________(determine)tocompletethejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.•___________________(finish)theirhomework,thestudentswentout.•________(leave)aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedastocry.NothavingbeentoldDeterminedHavingfinishedLeftIrushedintotheclassroom,______________________(cover)dust.myfacecoveredwith过去分词短语单独作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。我们从题意得知:cover一词的逻辑主语应为myface,与句子的主语I不一致,因此采用独立主格结构。我跑进教室,满脸是土。但如下:各方面都考虑进去,你的文章比他的文章更有价值。Allthingsconsidered__________________,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhis.但如果不一致,须采用独立主格结构:逻辑主语+done.1.someofficials,napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.followedB.followedbyC.beingfollowedD.havingfollowedby2.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.givenB.togiveC.givingD.havinggiven3.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied4.Thecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened5.inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.losingB.havinglostC.lostD.tolose6.TheOlympicGames,in776bc,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayed7.fromspace,theearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.seen,coveredB.seen,coveringC.seeing,coveringD.seeing,covered8.Theyfoundaoldwomanonthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokendown.A.dying,lyingB.dead,liedC.death,layingD.died,lainWehavestudiedV-edFormasadverbialsexpressingtime,reason,condition,concession,waysoraccompanystates.Summary