2017年中考英语语法专项复习GrammarRevision名词(Nouns)石桥铺中学廖文娟学习目标1、知道名词的分类2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3、掌握可数名词及复数的变化规则4、掌握不可数名词及数量的表达法1.什么是名词(noun)名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词名词(noun)及其分类名词是词类的一种,是表示人或事物名称的词。2.名词(noun)的分类①、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。②、表示独一无二的事物。③、前面一般不加冠词。④、首字母要大写。专有名词表示日子的专有名词December十二月SpringFestival春节表示地名的专有名词Asia亚洲China中国Beijing北京表示人的专有名词表示地名的专有名词theUnitedNations联合国TsinghuaUniversity清华大学YaoMing姚明Newton牛顿Beckham贝克汉姆返回普通名词可数名词apple苹果desk桌子family家庭group团,群不可数名词happiness幸福knowledge知识water水milk牛奶个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词表示个体的人或事物的词表示一群人或一些事物的词表示行为、品质、感情或状态等抽象概念的词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词,是无法分为个体的实物个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词归纳总结可数名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰*acar*abook在元音发音或字母a.e.i.o开头的单词前用an•anelephantanapple•anhouranisland请区别:ausefulmachine可数名词变复数单数carsbooksoranges1.一般情况下直接加s,在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,在ce,ze,se,(d)ge等结尾的词后读/iz/.car--book--orange--Formulas寻找规律2.以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的名词,在词尾加es,读/iz/。foxesclasseswatcheswishesfoxclasswatchwishparty--family--boy--toy--partiesfamiliesboystoysyies3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变为再加,读/iz/4以f或fe尾的名词,将或变成ves,读/vz/.wivesknivesleaveswife--knife--leaf--ffe妻子刀狼小偷架己命树叶wifeknifewolfthiefshelfselflifeleaf半half◆妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌◆躲在架后保已命,半片树叶遮目光5.以o结尾的单词potatoesmangoestomatoesNegroes黑人heroes英雄5.以o结尾的单词,加es的只有5个,其余的全部在词尾加s,都读/z/.Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango黑人、英雄、爱吃土豆、西红柿、芒果两人两蔬一果(都是有生命的)规则总结1.一般情况下直接加S2.以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的名词,在词尾加es3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。4,以f或fe结尾的名词,将f\fe变成ves5.以o结尾的单词,加es的只有5个:Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango与众不同apairofscissorsapairofchopsticksapairofsportsshoesapairofpants一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况(1)将中心词变为复数girlfriend–girlfriendsgrandchild–grandchildren(2)man,woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数amandoctor–mendoctorsawomanteacher–womenteachers特别注意:真题训练1.Therearesome_________(potato)inthebasket.2.Look!Therearealotof________(leaf)ontheground.3.Shehasthree________(boy).4.Thereareafew________(people)intheroom.5.Therearetwo________(baby)inthepicture.6.These_________(watch)and________(clock)aremadeinChina.7.Therearethree___________(country)inNorthAmerica,Canada,theUnitedStatesandMexico.potatoesleavesboyspeoplebabieswatchesclockscountries∽WMOMtdCgCjffsheep(sheep)woman(women)man(men)ox(oxen)mouse(mice)child(children)foot(feet)Japanese(Japanese)tooth(teeth)deer(deer)Chinese(Chinese)goose(geese)fish(fish)Formulas寻找规律谁有火眼金金不规则总结1.单复数同形sheep(复)sheep,Japanese(复)Japanese2.oo-eegoose(复)geese3.a—eman(复)men4.以en结尾child(复)children5.mouse-mice变man为menpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别:German(德国人)–Germanshuman(人类)-humans用名词的正确形式填空1Hecuttheappleinto________(half).2The________(potato)aremine.3Howmany________(family)arethereinthistown?4Thereareten________(deer)onthefarm.5These________(German)are__________(businessman).6Lastweekwewenttothe__________(child)Park.halvespotatoesfamiliesdeerGermansbusinessmenChildren’s比一比谁厉害★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water,rice,fish,meat等。特别记住houseworknewsworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationmedicine不可数名词一般包括物质或抽象概念的名词,可归纳如下:1.表材料wood,meat,paper,gold…2.表抽象information,knowledge,news,advice…3.表食物food,fruit,water,coffee,milk…4.表总称furniture,clothing…5.表自然air,wind,rain,snow…6.表学科Chinese,Japese,English,math,physics…7.表示时间金钱距离的词既可做可数名词,又做不可数名词的:可数名词不可数名词apaperpaper纸aglassglass玻璃anironiron铁aroomroom空间achickenchicken鸡肉abeautybeauty美ayouthyouth青春afishfish鱼肉一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人一个青年一条鱼1.There___some___intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish2.There___two___inthebox.A.is,watchB.are,watchesC.are,watchD.is,watches3.Weshouldclean___twiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.ourteethD.ourteeths易错题练练看①、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。②、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示数量为“一”③、可数名词有复数形式,表示数量“大于一”。可以用数词来修饰复数名词,来表示名词的具体数量。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量,可以用howmany,many,afew,few,any,lotsof,some,alotof等修饰。可数名词的特点1.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.不可数名词的特点如何判断该词是可数名词还是不可数名词先将这个名词所表示的东西一分为二,若每一半不能再叫原来的名称时,这个名词就是可数名词(如desk);反之,若每一半还可以叫原来的名称时,这个名词就是不可数名词(如meat)。【例1】I'mafraidthatthereisno_________foryouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.A.landB.groundC.roomD.floor【例2】Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_________,please?A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs考点探究易错题连连看1.Theoldmanwants___.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples2.There___inthefridge.A.twobagofsaltB.twobagsofsaltsC.twobagsofsaltD.twobagofsaltsQuickResponse快速反应Saythepluralformsofthecountablenouns1.job__________2.cake__________3.bread__________4.baby__________5.lady______6.key________7.box__________8.match__________9.brush__________10.leaf__________11.knife__________12.shelf__________13.potato_______14.photo______15.radio__________16.people__________17.police__________18.news__________19.tooth__________20.child__________21.day__________jobscakesbabiesladieskeysboxesmatchesbrushesleavesknivesshelvespotatoesphotosradiospeoplepoliceteethchildrendays2017年中考英语语法专项复习GrammarRevision名词(Nouns)石桥铺中学廖文娟学习目标1、复习名词的分类和可数名词复数的变化规则2、学会区分可数名词与不可数名词3、掌握不可数名词及量的表达法4.名词所有格的用法1.什么是名词(noun)名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词名词(noun)及其分类名词是词类的一种,是表示人或事物名