名词名词分类名词的数名词的所有格名词的句法功能专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词可数名词不可数名词的数单数复数物质名词抽象名词规则变化不规则变化Of所有格的构成及用法’S所有格的构成及用法双重所有格主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语名词知识框架图名词分类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词一、名词的分类1.专有名词:名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期(节日、星期、月份)例句:MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词例句:MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest、success、happiness不可数名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、class、group、police、people【注意】(1)family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数,强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数1)Hisfamilyisahappyfamily.他的家庭是个幸福的家庭。HisfamilyarewatchingTV.他家人在看电视。2)Thisclassconsistsof45students.这个班级由45名学生组成。ThisclassarestudyingEnglishnow.这个班的学生正在学习英语。(2)部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念:①police指警察、警官的总称,本身表示复数。Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.警察已经抓获杀人凶手。②people指人们、人民,本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数Therearelotsofpeopleinthehall.大厅里有许多人。people指民族,有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族apoliceman;apolicewomanaperson(3)有些名词既可以作为不可数名词,又可以作为可数名词glassroomexperiencetimework可数玻璃杯房间经历次、倍著作不可数玻璃空间经验时间工作orangelightpaperhairexercise可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷(几根)头发练习题不可数橘汁光纸头发锻炼chickenfishlifeyouthturkey可数小鸡鱼/鱼类生命青年人火鸡不可数鸡肉鱼肉生活年轻、青春火鸡肉身兼二职的名词对照表有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同•1)Youshouldtakemore__________.Don’talwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour___________.•2)YesterdayIboughtsomeinthesupermarkettomakejuice.•3)Excuseme,couldyoupleasemoveoveralittleandmakesome__________forme?The__________isverycrowded.•4)LuXunisfamousforhishard__________.Welikereadinghis____________.•5)Thisisthefirsttimeintheir_____toskiontheApls.A.lifeB.lifesC.livesexerciseexercisesorangesorangeroomroomworkworkslife名词的数可数名词不可数名词的数单数复数规则变化不规则变化二、名词的数情况构成方法例词规则变化一般情况加scake-cakes;day-days;bed-beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾加esbus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i,再加esbaby-babies;city-cities以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v,再加esleaf-leaves;wolf-wolves以o结尾1.加es2.加stomato-tomatoes;photo-photos不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母aa改为eman-men;woman-womenoooo改为eetooth-teeth;foot-feet单复数形式相同单复数形式相同fish-fish;sheep-sheep;deer-deer;Chinese-Chinese;Japanese-Japanese其他形式mouse,childmouse-mice;child-children(1)名词复数形式变化规则表(2)名词单数变复数口诀1.以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数:leafhalfselfwifeknifeshelfwolfthief树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。注:有些以-f或-fe结尾的词直接加-s变为复数。如:roof-roofs屋顶;proof-proofs证据;chief-chiefs首领;belief-beliefs信仰2.关于以o结尾的单词变复数加es的情况:Negroheropotatotomato黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿(5)只有复数形式的名词trousers,glasses,thanks,clothes,goods,chopsticks(3)名词修饰名词时,若前面的名词是man,woman,变复数时,前后两个名词全都要变成复数的形式;如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式manteacher-menteachersboystudent-boystudents(4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutewalk,an8-year-oldgirl名称总称(谓语用复数)单数复数中国人theChineseChineseChinese日本人theJapaneseJapaneseJapanese英国人theEnglishEnglishmanEnglishmen法国人theFrenchFrenchmanFrenchmen加拿大人theCanadiansCanadianCanadians澳大利亚人theAustraliansAustralianAustralians美国人theAmericansAmericanAmericans印度人theIndiansIndianIndians意大利人theItaliansItalianItalians某国人变复数,口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面(6)不同国家的人的单复数名词的数量•不可数名词的数量不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用,也没有复数形式。常考的不可数名词有:music,fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,practice,wool,education等。a)数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词如:apieceofnews(一条新闻);twobottlesofwater(两瓶水);fourpiecesofadvice(四条建议);sixpiecesofpaper(六张纸)……b)some,any,much,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,abitof,enough,agood/greatdealof•可数名词的数量a)数词或冠词+可数名词b)some,any,many,few,afew,alotof,lotsof,several,a(large/great)numberof,plentyof,asetnumberof,enough写出下列短语•1)许多麻烦•2)两杯茶•3)一条建议•4)许多面包•5)一些大米•6)两条新闻•muchtrouble•twocupsoftea•apieceofadvice•muchbread•somerice•twopiecesofnewsExercises•1)Hereissome_______onthebestcitiesforyourstudyingabroad.A.informationB.ideaC.suggestionD.exam•2)IamreallysorryI’mlate.IhopeIdidn’tcauseyou__________.A.toomuchtroubleB.somanytroublesC.muchtootroubleD.somoretroubles•3)—Wouldyoulike___tea?—No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforangesAAB•4)I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme___toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD.threepieceofbread•5)Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass•6)Weneedtocomeupwithan___andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news•7)Yesterdayshegaveme___onlearningChinese.A.someadvicesB.anadviceC.manyadvicesD.someadviceBDCD•8)Afew___werehurt,butno___werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life•9)—Iseverythingreadyforthepicnic?—Wehaven’tmuch___forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.appleB.breadC.tomatoD.bean•10)Iwanttwo____,couldyougivemeonemore,please?A.applesB.appleC.milkD.orangeBBA名词所有格名词所有格双重所有格of+名词所有格of+名词性物主代词’s所有格of所有格三、名词所有格名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:BeijingisChina’scapital./BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。注意(’s所有格)LilyandLucy’smotherLily’sandLucy’smothers•用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。•theboy'smother;thetwoboys’mother;James’brother以s结尾的名词,变所有格时在s后加’,不以s结尾的词,在词尾加’s。•atthedoctor’s=atthedoctor’soffice表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上’s代表全称。注意(’s所有格)•Whosepenisthis?It’sTom’s.名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到