英语中考复习-名词

中考一轮复习名词学习目标•掌握可数名词及其单复数的用法；•掌握不可数名词及其量的表示方法；•掌握专有名词及名词所有格的用法。1.YoungcouplesliketosearchtheInternetfor(2012镇江)some(suggest)onhowtonametheirbabies.2.Theboyismorethan2metersin(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.(2012盐城)3.The(develop)ofsciencehaschangedourworldalot.(2012盐城)4.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe(true).(2012无锡)5.Attheexhibition,thelittleboy’s(invent)attractedmanyITengineers.(2012淮安)6.Thesedaysmanypeoplearetalkingaboutthe(safe)offood.(2012南通)suggestionsheightdevelopmenttruthinvention(s)safety类别知识点能级要求识记理解应用名词1、可数名词及其单复数2、不可数名词3、专有名词4、名词所有格√√√√中考要求作主语ThepopulationinChinaisverylarge.作表语I’mnotachildanylonger.作称呼语Boys,don’tmakesomuchnoise.作定语FarmersgrowbananatreesinthesouthofChina.作宾语补足语WecalltheboyMike.作直接宾语Hisuncleboughthimadictionary.作间接宾语Hegavetheboymuchmoney.作状语Iwatchedafootballmatchlastnight.作宾语Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.名词的句法功能名词的分类普通名词专有名词可数名词(单复数形式)不可数名词(量的表达)名词的词义辨析相关的词性转换名词所有格专有名词a.表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月的专有名词，须以大写的字母开头。例如：Lucy,Nanjing,WashingtonD.C.,Christmas,MayDay,Saturday,Tuesday,March,April,October…b.海洋、河流、山脉等专有名词前加the。例如：thePacific(Ocean),theSeineRiver,theAlps…c.由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。例如：theGreatWall,theUnitedStates…d.表示一家人的两种方式：1.the+姓氏的复数2.the+姓氏+family例如：TheGreensisabigfamily.TheBrownfamilyarehavingsuppernow.a.规则变化：1）______________如：map---mapsfield--fields2）__________________如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，match---matches比赛3）_______________________如:leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼knife-knives小刀4）_____________________________如:party---parties党factory---factories工厂family-families家庭5）_____________________________________radios收音机,photos照片,videos录像,zeros零,zoos动物园,kilos公斤…potato---potatoes马铃薯hero---heroes英雄tomato—tomatoes西红柿mango—mangoes或mangos芒果一般加-s以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es以f或fe结尾的名词,变为-ves以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es以o结尾的名词，大部分加-s,但要记住一些特殊加-es的实际上也有直接加-s的：roofs,beliefs,proofs注意：stomachs可数名词的单、复数形式可数名词的复数形式学会自己总结！但是：以元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s.如:toys,daysb.不规则变化1）变内部元音字母。a)______________man--menwoman---womenEnglishman---Englishmenb)______________foot---feettooth---teethgoose—geese2）_______________________如:fish----fishgoldfish---goldfishspacecraft–spacecraftsheep---sheepJapanese—JapaneseChinese---Chinese3）其他特殊变化如mouse---mice;child---children小孩4）注意：复合名词的复数形式。复合名词变复数时，一般只要把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式即可。如agirlstudent→fivegirlstudents但第一个名词是man或woman时,则必须将_______________________，如amandoctor→twomendoctors男医生awomanteacher→twowomenteachers女教师改a为e型：改oo为ee型：形式不变(即单复数一致)前后两个组成部分都变为复数注意这几个单词的复数：humans;Walkmans;Germans注意：boots;shoots5)字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加-’s或-s.Therearetwof’sintheword“office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtotheparty.注意：severalshoeshops,apairofsportsshoes,aclothesshop1.---Mum,todayisyourday,theWomen’sDay.Herearesome(flower)foryou.(2010南京)---It’sverythoughtfulofyou.Thanks,Kitty.2.Many(butterfly)haveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlookslikeeyes.(2010无锡)3.Thebaby’sfirstfront(牙齿)arejustcomingthrough.(2010苏州)4.Couldyoupassthe(knife)tome?Weneedthemtomakepumpkinlanterns.(2010常州)5.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare(German),onlytwoofthemare(Japanese).6.Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore(hero)forustolearnfrom.(2012江苏泰州)flowersbutterfliesteethknivesGermansJapanese中日不变英法变，其余S加后面。heroes注意：在few,afew,several,many,oneof,anumberof后一定加可数名词的复数形式。8.--Whataretheydoingthere?--Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingameeting.(2012湖北黄冈)A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlD.woman;girlsB7.(节日)likeChristmasandHalloweenarealsopopularinChinanow.(2012连云港)Festivals可数、不可数名词的量的表示法apieceofnewstwopiecesoffurniturealoafofbreadtwocartonsofmilkapacketofsugarthreekilosofmeatamomentoffeartwohoursofhomeworkabagofapplestwobagsofpeachesabasketofpotatoesthreebasketsoftomatoes1.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhaveandtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcupB注意这些名词是不可数名词:music,weather,knowledge,health,energy,traffic,advice,news,information3)Thereisalotof________(车辆)onthestreet.traffic4)Hehasplentyofk__________abouthistory,sohisstudentsadmire(羡慕)him.nowledge注意：在little(表示“少”),alittle,much后要加不可数名词。1)Hegavemeless________(建议)thanyoudid.advice2)Therearelittle(rabbit)onthehill.rabbits注意：在alotof,lotsof,plentyof,some,any后可以加不可数名词,亦可以加可数名词复数。5)Hehassomegood__________(idea)tohelpussolveproblems.ideas类别意义例词专有名词表示人名、地名、机构组织名称等的名词Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedStates普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的名词teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集体名词表示群体的名词family,class,police,people不可数名词物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料的名词rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词danger,health,knowledge,work注意1：有些名词既有可数也有不可数的现象。exercise,glass,fish,orange,paper,room,work,time,experience…注意2：有些名词常以复数形式出现的现象。noodles,glasses,trousers,clothes,chopsticks,shoes,shorts…注意3：有些名词以s结尾，但却不是复数。physics,maths,news,virus,theUnitedStates…注意4：复合词中的名词a20-meter-longpoolTheboyis18yearsold.=Heisan18-year-oldboy.注意5:有些不可数名词和a，an连用的特殊情况。haveagoodtime玩得开心,aheavyrain一场大雨,abigsuccess非常成功注意几类特殊的名词：1.Youshouldtakemore.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbusydoingyour.(2010昆山)A.exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercisesC.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises2.Myteacherhasgivenmelotsof.They’reveryuseful.(2010上海长宁)A.informationB.adviceC