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初中语法综合复习全解P1NounObjectives1.可数名词及其单复数；2.不可数名词；3.专有名词；4.名词所有格。名词概述•名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词。•名词的范围：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等。名词的分类专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等普通名词可数名词(有单复数之分)个体名词集体名词不可数名词（没有复数形式)物质名词：自然物质，食品、饮料等抽象名词：情感，学科，概念等（某类人或东西中的个体）（若干个个体组成的集合体）（无法分为个体的实物）名词—Mum,1amhungry.May1havesome__?—Ofcourse.Butdon'teattoomuch.（2012山东济南）A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger【解析】考查名词的数。bread“面包”;noodle“面条”;dumpling“水饺”;hamburger“汉堡”由下文的toomuch（太多）,修饰不可数名词,可知空格处也须用不可数名词。故选A。可数名词的数名词变复数的规则变化：①一般加-s，清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/。friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;②以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es读/iz/。bus→buses;fox→foxes;match→matches;dish→dishes.③辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es；元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s。candy→candies;boy→boys.④部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es,口诀:半片树叶自己黄(half,leaf,self)妻子拿刀去杀狼(wife,knife,wolf)架后小偷逃命忙(shelf,thief,life)名词变复数的不规则变化：①含man的名词，一般变man为men。woman→women,policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen，但German→Germans。②将oo改为ee的有foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese等。③复数以en结尾的有child→children,ox→oxen等。④将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice,louse→lice(虱子)等。⑤有些名词是单数、复数不分的deer;fish;sheep;Chinese;Japanese.⑥以o结尾的词：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿-es;广播录像动物园，钢琴袋鼠照相片-s.⑦外来词的复数变化：datum-data数据basis-bases基础。⑧复合名词的复数变化主要词变复数:passer-by→passers-byfather-in-law→fathers-in-law前后两词都变复数:manteacher→menteachers不可数名词“量”的表达不可数名词前面不能用定冠词a/an,也没有复数形式。不可数名词的“量”经常由可数名词来帮助表达，常用结构：表示数量的词+量词+of+不可数名词。1.确切数量的表达方式：当表示“一杯/袋……”时，单位词要用单数形式，如:aglassofwater。当表示“两杯/袋……”时，单位词要用复数形式，如:twoglassesofwater。2.不确切数量的表达方式：当表示大概，不确定的数量时，可运用下列单词或短语：①修饰可数名词/不可数名词：some,any,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等。Pleasegivemesomepaper.②只修饰可数名词的有：many,several,hundredsof,anumberof,agroupof,apairof,quiteafew,few等。Youhavemadequiteafewmistakesinyourcomposition.③只修饰不可数名词的有：much,agreatdealof,abitof,adropof,apieceof,alittle等。Iwantapieceofchalk.Pleasegivemealittleink.Individualactivity注:另附word文档。点击此处链接I.Multiplechoice1.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth2.—Oh,thereisn'tenough___forusinthelift.—Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room3.—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlikeformytwindaughters.A.twopairshoesB.twopairsshoesC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsofshoes4.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans5.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples6.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fishII.在空格中填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Icanseethree________(monkey)inthezoo.2.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.3.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite______(hair).4.Ilike(strawberry)becausetheyaresweetandjuicy.monkeyswaterhairstrawberries5.Theboyshavegottwo(piece)of(bread)already.6.Lucywillshowussomenew____(photo)ofhers.7.TheseGermanswanttohavesome_____(fish)forsupper，sotheydecidetocatch_____(some)now.8.Therearesome(child)inthegarden.piecesbreadphotosfishsomechildrenIII.Translation1.史密斯先生经常有一些好消息告诉我们。2.孩子们都非常喜欢看动物园里面的猴子。3.您需要一些面包吗？不，谢谢您。我一点儿也不饿。4.桌上有两盒蛋糕四瓶橘子汁。5.我们学校有很多的女老师,她们工作很努力。6.请递给我们两杯牛奶。1.MrSmithalwayshassomegoodpiecesofnewstotellus.2.Therearealotofwomenteachersinourschool.Theyworkveryhard.3.Wouldyoulikesomebread?No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.4.Therearetwoboxesofcakesandfourbottlesoforange.5.Therearealotofwomenteachersinourschool.Theyworkveryhard.6.Pleasepassustwoglassesofmilk.1.—Well,youlooksohappy!—BecauseIgotagood_____.(2010四川内江)A.workB.newsC.job2.Youcangetmuch____abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(2010年上海)A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information3.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an___andmakeadecisionatonce.(2010吉林通化)A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news4.—Wouldyoulikesome___?—No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.(2010湖南)A.waterB.booksC.clothesD.bread5.Ilike___alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.(2010山西)A.fishB.potatoesC.noodles6.MrBlackgaveus___onhowtolearnEnglishwell.(2010新疆阜康)A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.someadvices7.Pleasepickupthe____.Don’tkeepitonthefloor.(2010山东菏泽市)A.waterB.paperC.booksD.bottles8.Isawmany___eatinggrassonthehill.(2010浙江东阳市)A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheep9.—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?—Yes,___,please.(2010四川眉山)A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolateC.somecakesD.twoboxesofcola10.—CanIhelpyou?—I’dlike__formytwindaughters.(2010山东滨州)A.twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoes11.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave__andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup12.Jackhas____.(2011南宁)A.twopiecesofbreadsB.twopiecesofbreadC.twopiecesbreadD.twopieceofbread13.–CanIhelpyou,sir?–I’dliketohave100___.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.(2011德阳)A.pieceofpaperB.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers14.The___ofteneatgrassonthehill.(2012湖北随州)A.chickenB.horseC.cowD.sheep15.“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”“Weneedtwoapplesandthree____.”(2012贵州贵阳)A.orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli16.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmany___there.(2012广东)A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit17.TheInternetisveryuseful.Wecangetalotof____fromit.(2012广西玉林)A.thingB.messageC.informationsD.information18.—Whatisyourfavoritefood?—Ilike__best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.(2012广西玉林)A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesC.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles19.Couldyoupleasegivesome___tothe___teache