第一节名词第一部分语法精讲精练考点突破考点一可数名词及其单复数考点二不可数名词考点三名词所有格目录考点突破名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看,个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a,an)修饰;不可数名词一般不能用不定冠词(a,an)修饰。考点1可数名词及其单复数Listenattentively1.可数名词的复数形式的构成考点1可数名词及其单复数(★★★)构成例词规则变化一般情况下,直接在名词后加-schair-chairs,boy-boys以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-esbaby-babies,city-cities以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-esleaf-leaves,knife-knives,shelf-shelves,life-lives不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母man-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth单复数形式相同sheep-sheep,deer-deer其他形式mouse-mice,child-children,ox-oxen考点1可数名词及其单复数Listenattentively3.个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。如:sheep,deer,fish,Chinese等。4.“某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。如:Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;American→Americans,German考点1可数名词及其单复数Listenattentively5.集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,team,group,army等。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。如:Ourteamneedsmoneytoplayinanothercity.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。考点1可数名词及其单复数Listenattentively6.只能用复数形式的名词:trousers,clothes,people,police,cattle。7.由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。如:agirlstudent→twogirlstudentsanappletree→fiveappletrees但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。如:awomanteacher→tenwomenteachersamannurse→threemennurses考点2不可数名词Listenattentively考点2不可数名词(★★☆)1.不可数名词通常无复数形式。2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a、an这两个不定冠词。3.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”、“一个”等“量”的概念时,要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如:apieceofpaper(一张纸)twopiecesofpaper(两张纸)考点2不可数名词Listenattentivelyfivecupsoftea(五杯茶)abottleofjuice(一杯果汁)fourbottlesofjuice(四杯果汁)4.某些名词,表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。句中的第一个glass是玻璃杯,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意思是玻璃,是物质名词,就是不可数的了。再如:paper(纸)不可数,apaper(报纸,论文,试卷)可数。考点3名词所有格Listenattentively考点3名词所有格(★★☆)名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。1.表示有生命名词的所有格,单数形式是加’s,复数形式加s’。如:students’rooms,father’sshoes。2.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s’。如:atwentyminutes’walk,tenmiles’journey,twopounds’weight,tendollars’worth。考点3名词所有格Listenattentively3.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构。如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry。4.表示共同所有的名词,只需在最后一个名词后加’s。如:TomandMike’sroom表示汤姆和迈克共有的一间房。表示分别所有的名词,需在每个名词后都加’s。如:Mary’sandJenny’sbikes表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车。考点3名词所有格Listenattentively5.双重所有格afriendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片6.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格,其后的名词可以省略。如:atmyuncle’s在我叔叔的家里atthedoctor’s在医生的诊所里考点3名词所有格Listenattentively巧学妙记名词所有格,某物是“谁的”。构成有方法,多数把’s加。复数词尾有s,只加“‘”即可。名词无生命,常把of用。时间、地点和距离,所有格多用s’。()1.(导学号44372000)(2016四川广安)—HaveyouheardofLinZexuandZhanTianyou?—Ofcourse.Theyareournational______.A.heroB.herosC.heroesD.hero’s()2.(导学号44372001)(2016云南昆明)EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo______fromJanuary1st,2016.A.boyB.girlC.childrenD.childCC()3.(导学号44372002)(2016广西南宁)These______inbeautifuldresseswillhaveapartythisevening.A.manB.menC.womanD.women()4.(导学号44372003)(2016四川绵阳)Doyouwanttobehealthy?______canhelpyoustayhealthy.A.SmileB.SmilingC.SmilesD.SmiledDA()5.(导学号44372004)(2016湖北荆州)—Canyoutellmesome______abouttheBrazilOlympicGames?—OK.LetmehelpyousearchtheInternet.A.serviceB.informationC.discussionD.success()6.(导学号44372005)(2016新疆)Thisis______bedroom.It’stidyandnice.A.Lily’sandLucy’sB.LilyandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucyD.LilyandLucyBB()7.(导学号44372006)(2016山东东营)—Areyousurethisisaphoto______,thefamouscomedyactress?—Itsurprisedyou,didn’tit?Butshewasoncereallythin.A.JiaLingB.JiaLing’sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing’s()8.(导学号44372007)(2016重庆)It’ssportstime.Most______studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boyB.boysC.boy’sD.boys’CA()9.(导学号44372008)(2016贵州安顺)There’llbea______meetingnextweek,andmyparentswill______comeforit.A.parents’;allB.parents’;bothC.parent’s;allD.parent’s;both()10.(导学号44372009)(2016甘肃天水)It’sabout______fromourschooltomyhouse.A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalkC.walkof20minutesD.20minutes’walksBA()11.(导学号44372010)(2016安徽)Cathyhassuchagood______thatshewonmanyprizesinsingingcompetitionslastyear.A.sleepB.ideaC.voiceD.time()12.(导学号44372011)(2016山东东营)—Whydopeoplenevercutupthe______ontheirbirthdays?—Becausetheyareasymboloflonglife.A.eggsB.cakesC.noodlesD.dumplingsCC()13.(导学号44372012)(2016湖北襄阳)—Look!Somanycolorfulbicyclesintwolinesoverthere.—They’reforpublic.This______ofgreensmarttrafficiseverywhereinXiangyangCity.A.numberB.pairC.kindD.piece()14.(导学号44372013)(2016重庆)—It’shottoday.Havesome______,please.—No,thanks.I’mnotthirstyatall.A.waterB.potatoesC.breadD.cakesCA()15.(导学号44372014)(2016江苏苏州)SteveJobswasfullof______—alwayscomingupwithnewideaswhichledtogreatchangesinsociety.A.instructionB.invitationC.introductionD.invention()16.(导学号44372015)(2016天津)Everyyearmanyforeignfriendscometoseethe______ofTianjin,suchasTianjinEyeandHaiheRiver.A.concertsB.playsC.cartoonsD.sightsDD(()17.(导学号44372016)(2016山东泰安)—Whatdoyoupreferforlunch,darling?—I’dlike______suchastomatoes,carrotsorcabbages.A.meatB.eggsC.vegetablesD.fruit()18.(导学号44372017)(2016四川绵阳)HewasborninGermany,buthehasmadeChinahis______.A.FamilyB.addressC.houseD.homeCD()19.(导学号44372018)(2016湖北孝感)—Mom,Iwilleatlessfastfoodthisyear,believeme.—Ifyoumakea______,youmustkeepit.A.jokeB.noiseC.mistakeD.promise()20.(导学号44372019)(2016广西来宾)—There