漆小泉植物代谢组学及其应用

CenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics漆小泉中国科学院植物研究所植物分子生理重点实验室植物代谢组学及其应用CenterforSignalTransduction&MetabolomicsNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CAlkaloidsNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CAminesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CCyanogenicglycosidesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CGlucosinolatesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CMonoterpenesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CSesquiterpenesNon-proteinaminoacidsNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CDiterpenesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CTriterpenes,steroidsNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CFlavonoidsNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CPolyketidesNNNNCH3ONNHNH2NH2OOHNH2OGlucHNNSNGlucOSO3HOHOOHOOOOHOHOOHOHOHOOCH3OHOHCH3OROOHOOOOOOHOOOHOOHOHCHC-CPolyacetylenes,fattyacids,waxes植物合成二十多万种不同的化合物（主要为次生代谢物）CenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics植物次生代谢物合成的模式BackboneEarlystepFinalproductP450s,GTs,etcCenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics植物产生次生代谢物适应不良自然环境•PollinationandseeddispersalScentsColoursFlavours•ChemicaldefencePestsPathogensAllelopathyCenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics次生代谢与植物发育有着不可分割的联系SpearmintGlandulartrichomesThymeTrichomes–monoterpenesandsesquiterpenesLemonSecretorycavityCenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics次生代谢物是很多中药的主要成分TraditionalChineseMedicinesNaturalproductsasdrugs人体需要的特殊营养物质主要来源于植物异黄酮(植物雌激素)维生素E叶酸b-胡萝卜素CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3OOOHOHOHCH3OHCH3CH3OCenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics维生素A缺乏导致眼睛疾病。我国儿童VA缺乏率达9.3%维生素C缺乏导致坏血病维生素缺乏导致人体多种疾病的发生维生素E缺乏导致皮肤病、早衰等叶酸缺乏导致新生儿神经系统疾病、贫血等生长发育适应不良环境人体必需营养成分药用化合物b-胡萝卜素CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3GA1BrStrigolactone植物萜类代谢物具有重要功能和作用CenterforSignalTransduction&MetabolomicsFromWink,M.Phytochemistry64:3(2003)QuinolizidinealkaloidsSteroidalalkaloidsMono-andsesqui-terpenes次生代谢多样性的特点——特定的种属合成并积累特异的代谢物Arabidopsis–ModelplantCropsYeast-ModelunicellulareukaryoteChineseherbsandotherplantspecies(250,000)Referencespecies基因组、代谢组学研究加快代谢途径的解析CenterforSignalTransduction&MetabolomicsMetabolomicsisanew“omics”.Thenamemetabolomicswascoinedinthe1990s:ThefirstpaperusingthewordmetabolomeisOliver,S.G.,Winson,M.K.,Kell,D.B.&Baganz,F.(1998).Systematicfunctionalanalysisoftheyeastgenome.TrendsBiotechnol.16(9):373-8Thenameisgiventothevarietyoftechniquesusedtorecognisepatternsinthechemicalspresentinbiologicalsamplesinordertodeciphertheirsignificance.代谢组学（Metabolomics）CenterforSignalTransduction&MetabolomicsMetabolomicsistheanalysisofthetotalpopulationofmetabolitesinagivensample,cellortissueandtheintegrationofthedatainthecontextoffunctionalgenomicsgenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsmetabolomicsCombiningallthe“omics”datawillprovideaclearerunderstandingofcellbiology.代谢组学（Metabolomics）TraitsDNARNAProteinsMetabolitesNH2OHOOHOHOHOHOHOOHPhenomicsGenomicsTranscriptomicsProteomicsMetabolomics从组学到分子系统生物学From漆小泉等《植物代谢组学-方法与应用》2011年CenterforSignalTransduction&MetabolomicsMetabolomicsresearchisparticularlyimportantintheplantfieldbecausecollectivelyproduceahugevarietyofchemicalcompounds,farmorethananimalsandevenmicroorganism.Otherareasofimpact:environmentalgenomicsfoodquality,diagnosticsinterorganismsignallingbioactivecompounds植物代谢组学更具有挑战性CenterforSignalTransduction&Metabolomics•Nosinglemethodcanbeusedtodetectthewholepopulationofmetabolites•Thechoiceofinitialextractionsolventimmediatelylimitstheclassesofmetabolitesextractedbaseduponpolarity•Nospectroscopymethod,currentlyavailable,isideallysuitedtothedetectionofeverymetabolite.•Avarietyofanalyticalmethodsshouldbeusedandthedataintegratedinordertogaininformationonasmanymetabolitesaspossible•Datagainedfromavarietyofmethodsneedstobeintegrated.Metabolomics:theneedtointegrateda