中考英语专题复习导学案冠词专题

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冠词专题考点一:不定冠词a/an的用法1、表示泛指“一(个)或一类”(基本用法),如:Aplaneisamachine.(表一类)Heisanofficeworker.(表一个)2、用于序数词前,表示“又一”。Hefailedtwice,buthestillwantedtotryathirdtime.3、用在表示价格、速度、比率等名词前,表示“每一”。threetimesaday一天三次;50yuanakilo50元一公斤;tenmilesanhour一小时10英里4、固定搭配:havearest/break,quiteafew,goforawalk,makeatelephonecall…【中考真题再现】()1.—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?--teacherlikeyou.A.AB.AnC.TheD./()2.---WhydoyoulikeJack?---Becauseheishonestboy.A.aB.anC.theD.\()3.–Iknowyouhaveseenthefilm.Whydidyoubuyaticketoncemore?--Iwanttoseeit.A.thesecondtimeB.asecondtimeC.twiceD.twotimes()4.Let’shavebreak;Iwanttomaketelephonecall.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the考点二:不定冠词a/an的区别观察下表总结a/an的区别:口诀记忆:用a用an有规律,不看看,不见原因(元音)不施恩(n).【中考真题再现】()1.---Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?---Iwanttobepilot.Itisexcitingjob.A.a;aB.a;anC.the,anD.a;the()2.Asweknow,EnglandisEuropeancountryandSingaporeisAsiancountry.A.an;anB.an;aC.a;aD.a;an考点三:定冠词the的用法1、特指的人或事之前。Thisisthemanwetalkedaboutyesterday.2、指谈话双方知道的人或事。Takethemedicineaftermeals.3、上文已经提及的人或事。Thereisanewbookonthedesk.Givemethebook.4、用在姓氏复数之前,表示一家人或夫妇俩(两人以上).如theWangs(王一家),theSmiths.5、用于西方乐器名词前。playthepiano(弹钢琴)/theviolin(切记:playerhu)6、用在形容词最高级前。thebest(最好),themostimportant冠词的概念:冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种,一种是定冠词(the),一种是不定冠词(a、an)。Aaanapple/anaunt/anAsiancountry/anAmericangirlEe1、aEuropeancountry2、aneight-year-oldboy/anegg/an11-year-oldboyIianidea/aninterestingstoryOo1、aone-eyedwolf2、anorange/anoldman/anoutgoinggirlUu1、ausefulbook/auniversity/aUFO/ausualstory2、anumbrella//anuncle/anunusualstory/anunhappyboy特别记1、anhouranhonestboy2、以元音音素开头的字母:an“a,e,___________________________________,”7、用在序数词之前。thefirst(第一)/thesecond…8、世上独一无二的天体名词前。thesun/themoon/theearth/theworld9、用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。(说普通不普通)theUnitedStates,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace.(也含用在江河湖海、山脉名词之前。theYellowRiver/thePacificOcean)10、用在“某世纪某年代”前,.inthe2020s/inthe2020’s(21世纪20年代/本世纪20年代)11、用在方位及身体部位名词前。(in)theeast(东方).ontheright/left.onthehead/intheeye;12、用在某些形容词前,表一类人(表复数)。Eg:Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(富翁们应该帮助穷人)13、用在习惯用语中,inthemorning/afternoon/evening;intheopenair(在户外)【中考真题再现】()1.There’sappleonthetable.appleisformylittlebrother.A.a,AnB.an,AnC.the,AnD.an,The()2.---Who’sthatlovelygirl?---Youmeangirlwithlonghair?That’sKate.A.aB.anC.theD./()3.---Whatusefulbookitis!–Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplayguitar.A.an,theB.a,aC.a,theD.an,a()4.Weshouldoftenhelppoor.A.aB./C.theD.an()5.areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Black’sB.ABlack’sC.TheBlack’sD.TheBlacks考点四:零冠词(不用冠词)的情况1、一日三餐、各门学科前。havebreakfast/lunch/dinner;chemistry./English.2、球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不加冠词。playbasketball/volleyball;playchess,3、在星期,季节,月份,年份、节假日前。OnSunday,inSeptember,insummer,in1998,onChildren’sDay.4、在称呼或表示官衔,职位名词前不加冠词。UncleWang,ProfessorLi5、在专有名词(人名、地名:国名,城市名,)前不用冠词。WangYi(王一),China,Shanghai,6、名词前有this,that,these,those,my,your,some,any,no,every等时,不加冠词。7、同一个人含有两种职位时,不加冠词。Ateacherandwriter(老师兼作家)。8、某些固定词组中,不加冠词:Eg,athome,bymistake,learnbyheart,insight,dayandnight,yearafteryear;atnoon,atwork,athome,bybus,byair,Onfoot,frommorningtillnight,atnight,gotoschool,gotobed,atlast【常考易错点】1、不定冠词a,an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音开头,还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。如:It’saninterestingmovie.它是一部很有趣的电影。Thereisan“h”intheword“hour”.单词hour里面有一个h。(1)在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有“a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x”,其他用a。(2)要注意区别以u开头的单词anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy,auniversity,ausefulbook【速记口诀】确定用“a”还是“an”,不看字母看读音:不见“原因(元音)”别施“恩(n)”。2、有、无定冠词的区别以下词组中加定冠词the或不加冠词时,意义有较大差异。inhospital住院inthehospital在医院attable在吃饭atthetable坐在桌边inprison坐牢intheprison在监狱里infrontof在(……外部的)前面inthefrontof在(……内部的)前部gotoschool上学gototheschool到那所学校去gotocollege上大学gotothecollege到那所大学去leaveschool毕业leavetheschool离开学校onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上3、序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“the+序数词”表示“第几……”;“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:Youaresoclosetotheanswer.Tryasecondtime.你很接近答案了,再试一次。4、anumberof与thenumberofanumberof意思是“许多”,相当于alotof;thenumberof意思是“……的数目,……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:Anumberofpeoplecomehereonvocationinsummer.许多人夏天的时候来这里度假。Thenumberofthebirdsisdecreasingeveryyear.每年鸟的数量都在递减。5、a、an特殊位置(1)当名词被such,half,what修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词后。如:Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulbirdbefore.我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。Heboughthalfakiloofpork.他买了半斤猪肉。Whatanamazingflower!多迷人的花儿呀!(2)当名词前面的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。如:Heissoforgetfulapersonthatyouhavetoremindhimofsomethingagainandagain.他是如此健忘的一个人,一件事你不得不一遍一遍地提醒他。Howtallatreeitis!这树多高呀!(3)当名词前面有形容词quite,rather或very时,不定冠词置于quite和rather之后,very之前。如:quiteanattractivefilm一部吸引人的电影ratheralazyguy一个相当懒惰的家伙averysmartboy一个非常机灵的男孩I.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×。1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______walk.6.It'stoohot.Open_______door,please.7.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA..8._______sunrisesin_______east.9._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China.10.Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime?II.选择:()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdro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