中考英语专项复习——定语从句一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句1.通常只能用that的情况1)当先行词是不定代词a11,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时。2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly.thevery.thelast等修饰时。3)如果先行词既指人又指物,应用关系代词that。Withoutfriendship,onecan'tbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays__Ispentwithmydearestfriend.[哈尔滨市]A.thatB.whenC.who2.通常只用which的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句,而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,如果两个从句都可以用that引导,那么其中一个应改用which引导。【考例】Manyyoungpeoplelovethesongs_________havegreatlyrics.[成都市]A.whoB.thoseC.which二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+which/whom结构。【考例Theman_________gaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.[广东省]A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom--Doyouknowtheman__isrunningalongthestreet?--Yes.HeisourEnglishteacher.[长沙市]A.whoB.whichC.whom三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。Disneyisanamusementparkyoucanfinda11thenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定;根据先行词的特殊用法而定。【考例】Doyouknowtheyounglady____yourmotheristalking?(湖北黄石)A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.which【语法回顾】在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间,起联系的作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that,who,whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingunderatree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。whose定语人物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。Theclassroomwhosewindowisopenismine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的学校。why状语原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?第-2-页共4页二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略):1.that指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。(主语)2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.天津产的自行车销售很好。(主语)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)3.who,whom指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom.(主语)Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情况:1.在介词后只用which,不能用that。Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2.先行词本身是that时,只能用which,不能用that。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况:1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山。2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。3.先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时只能用that。HereareallthebooksthatIhave.这就是我所有的书。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4.先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时,只能用that。Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,只能用that。IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6.先行词是theone时,只能用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的。7.在以who引导的疑问句后,为了避免重复,只能用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女孩是谁?五、在介词后只能用whom,不能用who。ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道,关系代词所代指的就是先行词,这里有一个等量关系)。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题:当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时,要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后,不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用:1.when指时间:Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2.where指地点(where=in等介词+which):Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.这是他去年住的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③现在分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换:Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有许多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecarisMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【中考真题】1.【长沙】—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I’mlookingforthewatch_______Iboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whose2.【本溪】Don’tthrowawaypensanderasers________youhaven’tusedup.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what3.【鞍山】Ican’tfindthebook________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whi