七年级英语下册语法总结一、一般现在时1.构成:主语+动词+其他2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词。3.否定句:1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等在其后加note.g.Ican’tplayfootball.2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形e.g.Idon’tlikefootball.Shedoesn’tlikefootball.4.疑问句:1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等将其提前e.g.Canyouswim?2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。e.g.Doesshelikefootball?5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhendoessheusuallygetupinthemorning?二、现在进行时1.构成:主语+be+doing+其他2.动词→动词-ing变化规律:1)一般情况下直接加-ing,eg.Working2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg.Taking3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stopping4)特殊变化,lie—lying3.标志词:look,listen,now,atthemoment,it’s…o’clock…4.否定句:be动词后加note.g.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.5.疑问句:将be动词提前e.g.Isshelisteningtomusic?6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhatisshedoingnow?三、将来时1.构成:主语+begoingto+动词原形主语+will+动词原形2.标志词:tomorrow,nextday/month/year等表示将来的时间3.否定句:be动词后加not;will后加note.g.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.Hewillnothaveapianolessonthisweekend.4.疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前e.g.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?\Whatwillyoudotomorrow?四、过去时1.构成:主语+动词过去时+其他2.标志词:yesterday,justnow,…ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last…等3.动词→动词过去式变化规律:1)一般动词结尾加-ed,e.g.Walk--walked2)以字母e结尾的动词加-d,e.g.Live--lived3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed,e.g.Hurry—hurried4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stop–stopped特殊变化详见课本P1724.否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加note.g.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.2)当是实义动词时,加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形e.g.Ididn’ttelephonemyparentsyesterday.5.疑问句:1)动词be过去式提前e.g.WereyouinChengdulastyear?2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形e.g.Didyoutelephonemyparentsyesterday?6.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhatdidyoudoyesterday?五、形容词、副词比较级,最高级1.形容词(1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody时,要放于其后。e.g.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothingserious.(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。e.g.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.(3)以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。e.g.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.(4)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。e.g.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.2.副词副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。e.g.Ican’thearyouclearly.3.比较级用法(1)可以单独使用eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.(2)和than一起用eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao.(3)其他几种用法a.两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?Who/Which+be+比较级,AorB?e.g.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?b.用比较级形式表达最高级意义比较级+thananyother+n.+比较级范围(in/of…)=比较级+thananyoftheothers+in/of…=比较级+thantheother+n.+in/of…(在同一范围内比较)比较级+thanany+n.+in/of…(在两个不同范围内比较)e.g.KateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclassShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince.c.越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级”e.g.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.d.有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo”eg.Mymotheristhebusierofthetwo.e.用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等4.最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。a.最高级+范围eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.b.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最……的……之一”。eg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,表示“……是……的第几”。eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.八年级上册语法复习一、行为动词的一般过去时1、过去式的构成规则(1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如:want—wanted(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed.如:hope—hoped(3)重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如:stop—stopped(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i,再加-ed.如:study—studied注意:不规则动词变化,要逐一熟记。2、实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其它。如:Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.②否定式:主语+didnot(didn’t)+动词原形+其它。如:Theydidn’twatchTVlastnight.③一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.否定回答:No,主语+didn’t.如:Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago?Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework?3.一般过去时的用法:a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。Whenhegothome,hehadashortrest.4.一般过去时的时间状语:amomentago(刚才),yesterdaymorning,lastnight/week,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才),in2006,threedaysago等对应练习:用所给动词的正确形式填空1.I__________(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_________(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack_________(sing)now.4.You_____(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_________(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I__________(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_________(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_______(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers__________(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_________(watch)TVlastMonday.句型转换1.IwenttothepartylastFriday.(改为一般疑问句)______you______tothepartylastFriday?2.IhadanicetimelastSunday.(改为一般疑问句)______you_______nicetimelastSunday?3.WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.(对划线部分提问)____________you_______toLondon?4.Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.(改为否定句)He___________hishomeworkinthemorning.二、现在完成时谓语构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词用法:(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚),before(以前)等词连用。(2)表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。标志词:(1)just,never,ever,already,yet等(2)for+一段时间;since+点时间或引导时间状语从句(一般多为过去时(3)sofar(到目前为止);inthepast/last+表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构:肯定式:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他e.gIhavelivedherefortenyears.Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.否定式:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他e.gTheyhaven’thadbreakfastyet.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?e.gHaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?特殊疑问句:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?e.gHowlonghashelivedhere?练习:写出下列动词的过去