被同块石头绊倒N次？5个最易错语法精析

被同块石头绊倒N次？5个最易错语法精析1.“SHOULDISAY‘IFYOUHAVEANYQUESTION’OR‘IFYOUHAVEANYQUESTIONS’?”“应该说‘IFYOUHAVEANYQUESTION’还是‘IFYOUHAVEANYQUESTIONS’？”“Ifyouhaveanyquestions”iscorrect,becausetheword“question”isacountablenoun.“Ifyouhaveanyquestions”正确，因为“question”这个名词可数。Whenanouniscountable,wealwaysusethepluralformafter“some”and“any”:“some”和“any”后通常接可数名词的复数形式：Iboughtsomeflowers.我买了一些花。Wedon’thaveanyquestions.我们没有任何问题。Weonlyusethesingularformafter“some”and“any”whenanounisuncountable:“some”和“any”后接不可数名词才用单数形式：Iboughtsomesugar.我买了一些糖。Wedon’thaveanyadvice.我们没有任何建议。2.“WHAT’STHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENHAVEBEEN+-INGANDHAVEBEEN+PASTPARTICIPLE?”“HAVEBEEN+-ING和HAVEBEEN+过去分词之间有什么区别？”Havebeen+INGformisthepresentperfectcontinuous.Havebeen+ING形式是现在完成进行时。Itmeansanactionthathasstartedinthepastandcontinuesuntilthepresent.意思是一个过去开始并持续到现在的动作。I’vebeencleaningthehouseforthepasthour.我已经清洁屋一个小时了。(Istartedcleaning1hourago,andI’mstillcleaningnow)（一小时前我开始清洁，现在我还在清洁）Havebeen+pastparticipleisthepresentperfectpassive.Havebeen+过去分词是现在完成时的被动语态。Itmeanssomethingwasdonetothesubjectofthesentencesometimeinthepast.意思是过去某个时候句子主语经受了某些动作。Thesemachineshavebeencleaned.这些机器已经被清洁好了。(Thesentencedoesn’tsaywhocleanedthem,justthattheyhavebeencleanedalready)（句子中没有说明谁清洁了机器，只是机器已经被清洁了）3.“WHENSHOULDIUSEFEWVS.AFEW?”“什么时候用FEW，什么时候用AFEW？”Afewusuallyhasapositiveconnotation,andfewusuallyhasanegativeconnotation.Afew通常有正面意思，而few一般有负面含义。Let’ssayI’mmovingtoanewcity,andIsay“Ihaveafewfriendsthere.”–that’sagoodthing;IknowsomepeoplesoIwillhaveagoodtimeinthenewcity.比如我搬到了一座新的城市，然后我说“Ihaveafewfriendsthere”，就是一件好事，说明我认识一些人，所以我会在这个新的城市过得开心。Nowlet’ssaymysonisnotverypopularinschool.Iwouldsay,“Hehasfewfriends.”–that’sabadthing;hehasonly2-3friends,anditwouldbebetterforhimtohavemorefriends.现在我们假设我的儿子在学校不太受欢迎。我会说“Hehasfewfriends”，就是一件坏事，说明他只有两三个朋友，而有更多朋友会更好。4.“WHAT’STHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENI’VEGOTANDI’VEGOTTEN?”“I’VEGOT和I’VEGOTTEN有什么区别？”I’vegot=Ihave;IpossessI’vegot=我拥有I’vegotadog.我有一只狗。I’vegotacar.我有一辆车。I’vegotto=Imust;IneedtoI’vegotto=我必须，我需要(oftenpronouncedas“I’vegotta”)（经常发音作“I’vegotta”）I’vegottoleavenow.我必须要走了。I’vegottopayrentonthe1stofthemonth.我不得不在每个月的一号交房租。I’vegotten=Ihaveobtained/receivedI’vegotten=我应得/获得了I’vegotten=IhavebecomeI’vegotten=我变成了I’vegottenadog.我买了一只狗。(Ididn’thaveonebefore,butrecentlyIadoptedorboughtadog)（以前我不养狗，但最近我领养或买了一条狗）I’vegottenagoodgradeonthetest.我考试考得不错。(Ireceivedagoodgradeonthetest)（我考试得了个不错的分数）I’vegottendivorced.我离婚了。(Ihavebecomedivorced)（我成了离婚了的）I’vegottenbetteratEnglish.我英语进步了。(IhavebecomebetteratEnglish)（我英语变得更好了）5.“DONEITHER&NONEUSESINGULARORPLURALVERBS?”“NEITHER和NONE后谓语用第三人称单数吗？”Neitherisusedfortwothings.Neither的谓语既用单数也用原型。Neitherofmyparentsisretired.我父母都没有退休。Noneisusedforthreeormorethings.None用于三个及以上事物。Noneofthekidsintheclassfailedthetest.班上的三个孩子考试都通过了。Aboutsingularorplural,thisdepends.用不用第三人称单数，要分不同情况。Technically,afterneither,weshouldalwaysusethesingular,asintheexampleabove理论上讲，neither之后必须用第三人称单数，像上面那个例子(Neitherofmyparentsisretired/Neithermymomnormydadisretired.)However,somepeopledousetheplural不过，一些人也用原型:Neitherofmyparentsareretired;Neitheroftheathleteswereinjured.我父母都没有退休；这两个运动员都没有受伤。Afternone,usethepluraliftheobjectiscountable:None后面接的宾语如果可数，用原型：Noneofthefactsarecorrect.这些都不是事实。Usethesingulariftheobjectisuncountable:None后面接的宾语如果不可数，用第三人称单数：Noneoftheinformationiscorrect.这些信息都不正确。