Ch8-composite-materials

SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryChapter8:CompositeMaterials8.1Introduction8.2Polymermatrixcomposites8.3Designofcomposites8.4ManufacturingprocessesofcompositesSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustry8.1Introduction8.1.1Whatarecompositematerials(ordefinitionofcompositematerials)8.1.2Whycomposite?(advantageofcompositematerialscomparedtobulkmaterials)8.1.3Classificationofcomposites8.1.4ApplicationofcompositesSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryWhatarecompositematerialsCompositematerials(orcompositesforshort)areengineeredmaterialsmadefromtwoormoreconstituentmaterialswithsignificantlydifferentphysicalorchemicalpropertieswhichremainseparateanddistinctonamacroscopiclevelwithinthefinishedstructure.Keywords:morethanonecomponent;optimizedpropertiesSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryWhycomposite?Optimizedproperties.LowcostMinimizeweightExamples:tire(rubberreinforcedbycarbonblackleadstoimprovementofmechanicalintensity)wovencarbonfiberfilamentsSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryClassificationBasedonsource(1)NaturalcompositesWoodisanaturalcompositeofcellulosefibersinamatrixoflignin(2)SyntheticcompositesSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryBasedonconstitutionTherearetwocategoriesofconstituentmaterials:matrixandreinforcement.Atleastoneportionofeachtypeisrequired.Thematrixmaterialsurroundsandsupportsthereinforcementmaterialsbymaintainingtheirrelativepositions.Compositematerials=matrix+reinforcementSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustry•Dispersedphase(reinforcement):--Purpose:enhancematrixproperties.--Classification:Particle,fiber,structural•Matrix:--Thecontinuousphase--Purposeisto:transferstresstootherphasesprotectphasesfromenvironment--Classification:metalceramicpolymerPhotomicrograph(about1500X)ofcementedcarbidewith85%WCand15%Co(photocourtesyofKennametalInc.)MMC,CMC,PMCSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryExamples:CementedcarbidesPlasticmoldingcompoundscontainingfillersRubbermixedwithcarbonblackWood(anaturalcompositeasdistinguishedfromasynthesizedcomposite)SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryApplicationGoodsinourlifeFireresistanceAerospaceindustryMedicalindustry…SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustry8.2PolymermatrixcompositesApolymerprimaryphaseinwhichasecondaryphaseisimbeddedasfibers,particles,orflakesCommercially,PMCsaremoreimportantthanMMCsorCMCsExamples:mostplasticmoldingcompounds,rubberreinforcedwithcarbonblack,andfiber-reinforcedpolymers(FRPs)SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustry8.2.1Polymer-nanoparticle8.2.2Polymer-fiber8.2.3Thermoplasticmatrix8.2.4Thermosetmatrix---Polyester---Vinylesters---EpoxySchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryPolymer-nanoparticlecompositesNanoparticlesinpolymers:fromclaytosemiconductorsBuildingblocksforpolymermatrixcompositesSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryClay–NanoparticlePolymerCompositesTheuseofclay(i.e.,hydratedsilicatesofaluminum)incombinationwithpolymermaterialscanprovidesignificantadvantagesinphysicalpropertiesrelativetothepolymersalone.Depictionofthreetypesofclay–polymerhybridmaterialsshowingdifferentlevelsofparticledispersion.SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryCompositesofPolymerswithMetallicandSemiconductorNanoparticlesThemetalandsemiconductor-basedcompositesofferclearlydistinctmaterialsinthatelectronic,magnetic,andopticalpropertiesofferedbytheparticlesarenowpresentRepresentationofnanoparticlespassivatedbyorganicligandsSchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryPolymergrowthfromnanoparticlesurfacesFunctionalizationofnanoparticleswithpolymerchainsopensnewavenuesinnanostructuredmaterialsandcompositesbytailoringtheinteractionsofthenanoparticlewithitsenvironmentbasedonthepropertiesofthepolymerencapsulant.Thisconceptmaybeusedtointroduceanenormousdiversityofchemicalfunctionalityintocompositesystemsthatcanbeuseddirectly,ormodifiedfurther.Thischemicalfunctionalitycanbetailoredtoprovidespecificsolubilityormiscibility,orusedforfurthercouplingchemistry,e.g.,toreactivesurfaces.SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustrySchematicrepresentationofthepreparationofpolyolefinfunctionalizedgold(left)andCdSe(right)nanoparticlesbyringopeningmetathesistechniques.SchoolofMaterialsScienceandchemicalEngineeringAnhuiuniversityofarchitectureandindustryReactionschemeofgold-nanoparticle-initiatedcationicpolymer