美国浪漫主义文学-优质课件

AmericanRomanticismCulture•TheRomanticPeriodreferstoliteraryandculturalmovementsinEngland,Europe,andAmericaroughlyfrom1770to1860.Romanticwriterscelebratedimagination/intuitionversusreason/calculation,spontaneityversuscontrol,subjectivityandmetaphysicalmusingversusobjectivefact,revolutionaryenergyversustradition,individualismversussocialconformity,democracyversusmonarchy,andsoon.WashingtonIrving•WashingtonIrving,thefamedessayist,biographer,historian,writerandpolitician,isoftenreferredtoasTheFatherofAmericanLiteratureorTheFatherofAmericanLetters.HewastheyoungestofelevenchildrenborntoWilliamandSarahIrving,surnameIrvine,inNewYorkCityonApril3,1783,fivedaysaftertheRevolutionaryWarended.WilliamIrvingfoughtintheRevolutionaryWarunderGeorgeWashingtonforwhomWashingtonIrvingwasnamed.MajorWritings•AdventureofCaptainBonneville•AdventureoftheGermanStudent•ArtofBook-Making•BrokenHeart•DevilandTomWalker•EnglishWritersinAmerica•LegendofSleepyHollow•LittleBritain•OldChristmas•RipVanWinkle•Roscoe•RoyalPoet•RuralLifeinEngland•SpectorBridegroo•StoutGentleman•Voyage•WidowandHerSon•WifAchievements•1.IrvingisthefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes.•2.HeisthefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist.•3.Hehaswrittenthefirstmodernshortstories.•4.Heisthefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment.•5.Heintroducedthenonfictionproseasaliterarygenre.•6.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.JamesFenimoreCooper•JamesFenimoreCooper(September15,1789–September14,1851)wasaprolificandpopularAmericanwriteroftheearly19thcentury.Heisbestrememberedasanovelistwhowrotenumeroussea-storiesandthehistoricalnovelsWORKS•TheLeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事集》•ThePioneers《拓荒者》•TheLastoftheMohicans《最后的莫西干人》•ThePrairie《大草原》•ThePathfinder《探路者》•TheDeer-slayer《杀鹿人》•JamesFenimoreCooperdiedonSeptember14,1851athishome,onedayshyofhis62ndbirthday.ThefirstgreatAmericannovelist,amanwhoincited&provokedhiscontemporariestopondersocialissuesthatareasrelevanttodayastheywere150yearsago,hadliterallylefthismarkuponAmericanculture&herliterarydevelopmentHermanMelvilleIntroductionofhislifeandfamilyBorn:August1,1819NewYorkCity,NewYork,U.S.Died:September281981(aged72)Occupation:Novelist,shortstorywriter,teacher,sailor,lecturer,poet,customsinspectorLiterarymovement：Romanticism,andSkepticism;precursortoModernism,precursortoabsurdismandexistentialismTypee《泰皮》(1846)Omoo《欧穆》(1847)Mardi《玛地》(1849)Redburn《雷德本》(1849)White-Jacket《白外衣》(1850)Moby-Dick《白鲸》(1851)Pierre《皮埃尔》(1852)BenitoCereno《班内托西兰尼》(1855)BillyBudd《比利伯德》(posthumous,1924）MainworklistMobyDickisatremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.MobyDickisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailor'stalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethanAlthoughitfailedtogainhiscontemporaries'attention,ithasnowbeenconsideredasoneofthebestAmericannovels,andaworld-famousclassic.MelvilleHerman’smasterpiece——Moby-DickNathanielHawthorne•NathanielHawthorne(bornNathanielHathorne;July4,1804–May19,1864)wasanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter.Hawthorne'sLiteraryBackground•ThecaseofHawthorneiscomplex,inhislifeandinhiswritings.Abornwriter,likeEdgarAllanPoehesufferedthedifficultiesofthewriterinearly-19th-centuryAmerica:anunsympatheticenvironment,thematerialismofaphysicallyexpandingnation,thelackofanartistictradition.HisPuritanheritagewasbothasupportandadrawback.Itstraditionofsoul-searchingencouragedprofundity,anditspenchantforseekingGod'sProvidenceinnaturaleventsprovidedHawthornewithawayofseeingandinterpreting.Itwasahighlyliteratetraditionaswell.Itwas,however,notoriouslyunfriendlytoart—fictionasmake-believewasmerevanity,andasimitationofGod'screaturesandcreationsitwasidolatry.Anaturalartist,HawthornewasalwaystoworryaboutthemoralityofimitatingandanalyzinghumannatureinhisartoffictionNovelsofNathanielHawthorne•Fanshawe(publishedanonymously,1828)[104]•TheScarletLetter(1850)•TheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851)•TheBlithedaleRomance(1852)•TheMarbleFaun:Or,TheRomanceofMonteBeni(1860)(asTransformation:Or,TheRomanceofMonteBeni,UKpublication,sameyear)•TheDolliverRomance(1863)(unfinished)•SeptimiusFelton;or,theElixirofLife(PublishedintheAtlanticMonthly,1872)•DoctorGrimshawe'sSecret:Aromance(unfinished),withPrefaceandNotesbyJulianHawthorne(1882Shortstorycollections•Twice-ToldTales(1837)•Grandfather'sChair(1840)•MossesfromanOldManse(1846)•TheSnow-Image,andOtherTwice-ToldTales(1852)•AWonder-BookforGirlsandBoys(1852)•TanglewoodTales(1853)•TheDolliverRomanceandOtherPieces(1876)•TheGreatStoneFaceandOtherTalesoftheWhiteMountains(1889)•TheCelestialRailroadandOtherShortStories埃德加·爱伦·坡EdgarAllanPoeEdgarAllanPoeLifeandCareer•EdgarAllanPoewasanAmericanauthor,poet,editorandliterarycritic,consideredpartoftheAmericanRomanticMovement.Bestknownforhistalesofmysteryandthemacabre,PoewasoneoftheearliestAmericanpractitionersoftheshortstoryandisconsideredtheinventorofthedetectivefictiongenre.Heisfurthercreditedwithcontributingtotheemerginggenreofsciencefiction.[1]Hewasthefirstwell-kn