56状语从句

(状语从句)一,什么是状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等.二,状语从句的分类时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，方式，结果，比较一.时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,themoment,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas等。一时间状语从句１when/wheneverWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。2when/while/asWhen既可指某一点时间,也可指一段时间;while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的;as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边……一边……”•Whenhereturned,hiswifewascooking.•Whilehewasreading,hiswifewascooking.•Ashewasreading,hewaslisteningtotheradio.注意:•when/while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when表示“就在这时”和“wasdoing”,“hadjustdone”和“wasabouttodo”连用;while则表示转折“然而”•Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.•我正在街上走着，就在这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。•Myfatherwascookingwhilemymotherwasplayingcards.3“一……就……”•AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.1.upon/on+arriving2.Immediately+句子3.The+时间名词(minute/moment……)+句子4.Nosoonerthan---一……就……Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…hardly…whennosooner…than我刚一到家，就下雨了。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.4beforeItwillbe+一段时间+before从句(does)要过……才能做Itwillnotbe+一段时间+before从句要不了……就能做Itwas+一段时间+before从句(did)过了……做了……Itwasnot+一段时间+before从句(did)没过……做了……After---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Theplanetookoffaftertheairtrafficcontrollergaveclearance.5sinceItis/hasbeen+一段时间＋since从句(did)Itis10yearssinceIsmoked.(=Igaveupsmoking/droppedsmoking)自从我不抽烟已有10年了.延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译6till/untilWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.我们一直等到他回来。Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到…才”Notuntil句型•与强调句型结合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.•与倒装句式结合ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Once---一但……就……Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.二地点状语从句Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。三.原因状语从句because,as,since,for,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.三原因状语从句because/sincebecause表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对“why”的提问;Since=nowthat,表示很明显的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首;Eg:Itwasbecausehismotherwasbadlyillthathewasunhappy.Sinceeveryoneknowsit,Iwillnotsayanything.for不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.四条件状语从句1,连接词：if,unless(if---not),so/aslongas,2,注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskthepoliceforhelp.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1)与现在事实相反：•If从句…,主句+V原2)与过去事实相反：•If从句hadVed,主句+haveVed3)与将来事实相反：•If从句…,主句+V原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)didshouldweretoshould(wouldcould,might)1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.我是你的话，我会马上走。eg.Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果eg.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould/could/mighthavemetthefamoussinger.如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。eg.IfIhadhadthemoneylastweek,Ishould/would/could/mighthaveboughtacar.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果eg.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。Aslongas---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.Youcan’tplaygamesaslongasyouremembertherules.Amanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething.As(so)faras---据……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.Incase---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.Providedthat如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation.Onconditionthat---条件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday.五目的状语从句sothat/inorderthat引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may(might)/can(could)/should等连用.Iraisedmyvoicesothateveryonecouldhearme.forfearthat---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem.incase---万一Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.六结果状语从句•sothat/so…that/such…thatIraisedmyvoice,sothateveryoneheardme.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.Shetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatweallforgotthetime.so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词;such在主句中修饰名词DrawacatasItaughtyou.按照我教你的画一只猫。Doasyouaretold.按照人家告诉你做的去做。七方式状语从句as，按照或正如Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。asif/asthough好象,似乎八让步状语从句•though/although不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用Although(Tho