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高三语法总复习连词和状语从句连词•连词是一种虚词，在句子中起到连接词与词、句与句的作用。•连词有两类：从属连词和并列连词。前者引导状语从句；后者连接两个互不依从的词、短语或分句。•此外还有引导其他从句的连词that,whether要点•正确理解全句意思，分清主从句的逻辑关系•正确理解连词含义，根据句意选择适当连词易错常考点•1、两个句子之间只能有一个连词•①从属连词（if，when，because等），不与并列连词（and，but等）并用。•②because与so不能同时出现•③although与but不能同时出现•2、主将从现•3、when、while和as的区别•4、because、as、since和for的区别•5、whatever与nomatterwhat，wh-+ever的词与nomatter+其相应的疑问词的区别易错常考点•6、before和since的区别•7、sothat：目的与结果；so…that•8、as引导的让步状语从句•9、连词及其同义的短语的区别•because与becauseof•incase与incaseof•10、一词多义（如：as、since、while等）；与其它从句的区别状语从句•状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，按意思可分时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。认识以下连词或词组•hardly/scarcely…when…,/nosooner…than…,•immediately,directly,instantly,•themoment/minute/instant(that),•every/eachtime•Incase,forfearthat•onconditionthat,•as/solongas,unless•Suppose/supposingthat,•provided/providingthat•Asif/asthoughExamples•⑴Ihadhardlyreachedthehallwhentheconcertbegan.•⑵HardlyhadIreachedthehallwhentheconcertbegan.•⑶IcamedirectlyIgotyourmessage.•⑷Ihidthebookforfearthatheshouldseeit.•⑸Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.•unless从句中不要使用否定形式。Examples•⑹Youcanborrowthecar,providing/provided(that)Icanhaveitbackbysixo'clock.•⑺Twoemployeesagreedtospeaktousonconditionthattheynotbenamed.•⑻Supposingthathecan’tcome,whowilldothework?（spoken）•⑼Look,supposeyoulostyourjobtomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?Examples•⑽Sheexplainedagainandagainincaseherfriendsshouldmisunderstandher.•⑾Idon’twanttogoouttonightincaseAnnphones.(从句中不用将来时态)•⑿Hewalkedasif/thoughheweredrunk.•⒀Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.as,when&while•Jillslippedwhen/as/whileshewasgettingoffthebus.•as•1.cf.Thedoorbellrangwhile/whenwewereasleep.Shegotmarriedwhenshewas23.(notas,它表时间时用在描述动作和发生事件的句子中)•Aswewereasleep,wedidn’thearthedoorbell.（在描述状态或情形的句子中as表示原因）•2.WewavedgoodbyetoLizasshedroveawayinhercar.(同时)as,when,while&as•3.IbegantoenjoythejobmoreasIgotusedtoit.(随着)•4.JustasIsatdown,thephonerang.•when•1.Iwasabouttogowhenthetelephonerang.•2.Whenwegottothecinema,themoviehadbegun.(在描述先后发生的动作的句子中只用when)•while•1.Whileweweretalking,hewasreadingnewspapers.(延续性动作；可用when)•２.Ilikemusic,whileheprefersreading.till/until•till/until•1.Iworkedtill/untilhecameback.(持续性动作)•2.Ididn’tgotobeduntil/tillhecameback.(瞬间动词)•3.Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.(句首)•before它引导的从句不用否定式谓语。常译为“就”，“才”,”还来不及。。。就。。。”•Itwillbe5yearsbeforewemeetagain.•Itwon’tbelongbeforeyouunderstandthat.•Hefelldownfromtheladderbeforeheknewwhathadhappened.•Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.beforeBefore&since•Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+现在时动词•Itwasnotlongbefore+过去时动词•Itwas+时间段+before+过去时动词•***********************************************•Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+过去时动词•Itwas+时间段+since+过去完成时动词Before&since•Itwasseveralminutesbeforewerealisedwhatwashappening.•Itwillbeawhilebeforeweknowtheresults.•***********************************************•Itwasexactlyfiveyearssinceherfatherhaddied.•Itis3dayssinceshecamehere.•wherever语气较强，多用于书面语。•注意与修饰表示地点名词的定语从句区分•Pleaseputthebookwhereitbelongs.•Pleaseputthebookattheplacewhereitbelongs.Where&whereverbecause,as,since,for&nowthat语气强弱次序：because,since,as•1.---WhyisTomabsent?•---Becauseheisill.•2.Ididn’thelphim,notbecauseIwasunwillingbutbecauseIwasunableto.•3.ItisbecauseTomisillthathedidn’tgowithus.•4.only,just,simply,partly+because•Youshouldn’tlookdownuponamanjustbecauseheispoorlydressed.•as(由于，因为)引导的从句一般放在主句之前，说明原因，后边的主句说明结果。主从句的内容A同等重要。在主句之后时，语气更弱；类似一中附带的说明，在口语中使用较多。•Astherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.•IgothomelateasIhadtowalkallthewayhome.because,as,since,for&nowthat•since（既然，因为）表示明显的或已知的理由，原因。从句的意思是次要的。主句使全局的重心所在。从句位于主句之后时语气较强。•Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.•nowthat与since,as同义。但它用来说明一种新情况，然后再加以推论，主从句的因果关系很小，而since,as连接的句子因果关系比较明显。that口语中可省。•Now(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.because,as,since,for&nowthat•for是表示因果关系的并列连词，表示对主句内容的补充说明（可和because替换）或表示一种推测判断（不可用because）。它引导的从句不能放在句首；需有逗号与主句隔开。•Heseldomgoesout,forheistooold.•Hemustbeasleepnow,forthereisnolighton.•注意：以上连词不能与so同时使用。because,as,since,for&nowthatSothat•1.cf.Shehurried,sothatshecaughtthebus.•Shehurriedsothatshecouldcatchthebus.(目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should等情态动词，通常主句在前，从句在后，中间没有逗号。)•Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.•2.such+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.that•Hespokeinsuchawaythatwecouldn’thelplaughing.•Wehavesuchdifficultquestionsthatwedon’tknowwhattodo.•3.so+adj.+a/an+n.that•Itissohotadaythatwewanttogoswimming.•4.so+many/much/few/little+n.that•Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.•5.so+adj./adv.+that•Somepeopleweresomovedbythesightthattheybegantocry.Sothat&suchthat•Although/thoughitwasrainingheavily,wekeptonworking.•Althoughheispoor,heisverygenerous.•eventhough比although语气强。•EventhoughIwasreallytired,Icouldn’tsleep.•Wewentoutalthoughitwasraining.•Wewentoutinspiteof/despitetherain.Although&eventhough•Iguesshe'dbeendrinking,thoughIwasn'tcompletelysureofthat.•Strangethoughitmayseem,Ilikehousework.•C.f.•Thehouseisn’tverynice.Ilikethegardenthough.（adv.可是，尽管如此）•Iseehimeveryday.I’veneverspokentohimthough.•C.f.Hewillnotreveal(泄露)thesecretevenifheknowsit.(他可能