Chapter9MarketingP97/98economicterms1.corporation公司Corporate(corp.)Company(co.,ltd)2.Decmate数字设备有限公司合作伙伴DEC数字设备公司美国DEC公司美国数字设备公司DigitalEquipmentCorporation,简称DEC。1998年1月DEC公司被康柏以96亿美元的价格收购,2001年惠普康柏合并,2014年惠普分拆。3.Safeway一市场名称Safeway是美国连锁商店,主要是食品店,经营各类蔬菜水果、饮料酒类等。4.Retailclothier服装零售商商人businessmanMerchant货运代理出口或进口商船东或商船所有人店主批发商零售商商人5.GNP国民生产总值Byanation(country)一国国民GDPValueproducedIndomestic(一国国内)inacertaintimeChapter9marketing营销1什么是营销Q1.Whatismarketing?Traditional:Sellingoradvertising.销售或者广告Asetofactivitiesundertaken(done)tostimulatesatisfactoryexchange刺激满意交换的一系列活动刺激满意交换的一系列活动Asetofactivitiesundertaken(done)tostimulatesatisfactoryexchangeBeginwith:findingoutwhatproductpeoplewant找到人们需要的产品stimulatinganewwantandsatisfyingit激发和满足新需求Marketingactivities:marketingresearch,retailing,salesforcemanagement,advertisingandtransportation。市场调研,零售,销售队伍管理,广告,运输Example:DECPCmarket个人电脑市场Marketingapproach营销策略Businessmarket企业市场公司电脑网络stand-alone孤立的Practicesmarketingconcept实践营销理念2营销理念Q2.Whatismarketingconcept?营销理念Advancesinproduction制造业先进Impressiveadvancesinmarketing市场营销领先Stiffer=hard困难Governmentregulation政府管制Meetallofthesechallenges面对所有这些挑战Leadingfirms一流的企业Adoptanewguidingconcept采用一种新的领先的理念S1:Themarketingconceptisthebeliefthatthewholefirmmustbecoordinatedtoserveitspresentandpotentialcustomerandtodosoataprofit.Marketing的理念:公司必须协调一致服务现有的和潜在的客户,然后从中获利。Marketing的理念:公司必须协调一致服务现有的和潜在的客户,然后从中获利Thebeliefthatthewholefirmmustbecoordinatedtoserveitspresentandpotentialcustomerandtodosoataprofit.Understandwhatcustomersreallywant了解顾客的真正需求Followingcloselythechanges密切跟踪需求的变化Followuponthisawarenessofcustomerwants跟踪了解顾客需求Customersatisfaction顾客满意度3营销和产品效用Q3Whatistheutilityofproducts(产品的效用)?Theusefulnessofproducts(产品用途),includingform,place,timeandownershiputility。形式、地点、时间和所有权效用。Formutility:形式效用Resultfromconvertingtherawmaterialstofinishedproductbyproduction。通过生产把原材料转化为成品creat例如:laundrydetergent洗涤剂Placeutility:地点效用Resultfromchangingitslocationbytransportation通过运输改变地点Aloadingdock码头Bemovedto被运送到transportTimeutility:resultfromitsavailability易获得性Runoutof用完=beusedupOwnershiputility:comesaboutbythepassoflegaltitletothefinaluser。通过所有权传递到最终用户Legalpassageoftitle4目标市场S2:目标市场是企业希望通过产品或服务满足的现有和潜在的消费者群体。目标市场选择chooseatargetmarket目标市场细分targetmarketsegment目标市场定位targetmarketposition5工业品市场p94Q4Whatisthespecialtyofindustrialmarketcomparedwithconsumergoodsmarket?P94与消费市场比较工业品市场有什么特点?最终消费者ultimateconsumerTobeginwith首先1)Moreformalsystemforbuying:purchasingdepartment。正式的采购系统:采购部Handleprocurement进行采购Also也2)Moreclearlydefinedandprofit-orientedpurchasemotive。更明确的和利润导向型的购买动机Obsolete过时的Electrontube电子管Solidstateparts晶体管S3:Demandforthefirstisderivedfromthedemandforthesecond。上游工业需求衍生于对下游产品的需求工业品Installation安装设施工厂、办公室、土地、昂贵资产例如起重机Rawmaterials原材料棉花、铁矿石和木材Accessoryequipment附属配件:打字机、会计工具和小铲车Supplies辅助材料:日常工具(扫帚和灯泡)、修配工具(螺帽和螺栓)、日常运营供给(润滑油和色带)Componentpartsandmaterials零部件:轮胎、电池和钢筋Businessservice商业服务:制服租赁、安全服务和货运Generally通常3)smallermarketthanconsumermarket工业市场需求比消费者市场更小also4)industrialcustomersaremoreconcentratedgeographically工业品用户地理上更集中7消费市场tricky复杂的=complicatedenormous巨大的diversified多样化的diversification多元化absolutenecessities必需品discretionaryincome可支配收入buyingpattern购买的结构S3:Thegreaterone’sdiscretionaryincomeis,……消费者可自由支配的收入越大,其改变购买结构的能力也越大。multiearnerfamily多人挣钱型家庭single-earnerfamilyluxuryproducts奢侈品affluentdieters富裕的节食者leancuisine减肥菜谱gourmet-healthfrozendinner美食健康冷冻晚餐Yuppies雅皮士:youngurbanprofessional(大都市中的年轻专业人才)受过高等教育、住在大城市、有专业性工作而且生活很富裕的年轻人。思想前卫、懂得享受,虽能容易接受新事物,但缺乏离经叛道的精神,小主意不少,大主见不多,更没有励志创新和冒险的意识。他们去高档的餐厅、喝上等的酒、穿名牌的衣服、开豪车,还小资。一般是指都市里较追求时尚生活的“唯美”男士。嬉皮士(Hippies):年轻都市专业工作者8消费品的分类Whataretheclassesofconsumergoods?便购品选购品特殊品S4:Whetheraspecific……dependonhowoftenitispurchased,itssignificancetothebuyer,andthebuyer’spreferenceforaspecificbrand判断一具体商品是否为便利品、选购品或特殊品依赖于商品被购买的频率、对购买者的价值(重要性)以及购买者对某一品牌的偏好消费者的行为和态度决定Conveniencegoods:Boughtfrequently,shortnoticeandbyhabit经常性购买,瞬间需求,经常是习惯性购买;Gum,milk,tissueShoppinggoods:Purchasedbytakingseriouscomparisonandstudy购买前认真比较和研究;Applianceandcar,pcSpecialtygoods:strongconvictionaboutbrand,styleandtypeexitsinbuyers‘mind,highinvalue,notpurchasefrequently,商品品牌、款式或型号在购买者心理有强烈的意向;价格高,不是经常购买。luxurygoodsHowmostofitstargetcustomersbehave目标顾客大部分行为Producers生产者Conveniencegoods:sellitasmanyplacesaspossibleShoppinggoods:placeinstoresthatarenearotherstoressellingsimilaritemsSpecialtygoods:worrylessaboutthelocationConsumeriswillingtomakeaspecialefforttofindKDGFAICHBEJLTranslation:economictermsMarketingconceptRetailclothierPurchasemotiveUltimateconsumerNonprofitinstitutionpurchasingsystemproductspecificationinvitebiddingbid/tender投标discretionary/disposableincomelowpricedproductmulti-earnersfamilycomparepricewithqualityVendingmachineATM:AutomaticTellerMachinemarketingresearch