虚拟语气一、以if条件从句为虚拟语气标志时态从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反didWould/could/sho-uld/mightdo与将来事实相反(1)Did(2)weretodo(3)shoulddoWould/could/sho-uld/mightdo与过去事实相反haddoneWould/could/sho-uld/mighthavedone注意以下两个方面:1.含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气并不总是用if引导的条件句来表示,而是通过一些词或短语表示出来。这些词或短语引出的条件与if引导的条件句意义相似,如butfor,with,without,otherwise,or,but等。其中butfor相当于ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenfor,表示“要不是……”。Hewouldn’thavesurvivedbutfortheneighbour’stimelyhelp.2.在虚拟条件句中有时if是可以省略的,当if被省略后,要将从句中的were,had,should置于句首,构成倒装结构。Werehehere,hecouldsettletheissue.二、suggest等动词及其相应的名词后跟的从句中虚拟语气的用法1.宾语从句suggest等表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词后跟的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,从句谓语的结构为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。类似用法的动词还有order,request,advise,require,insist,demand,command等。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takemorerest.2.主语从句在“Itis/was/has/hadbeensuggested+that引导的主语从句”中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”结构,其中should可以省略。和suggest用法一样的动词还有demand,order,advise,require,propose等。另外,在“Itis/wasimportant(necessary,desirable,advisable等)+that引导的主语从句”中,从句也常用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”结构,其中should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthebuilding(should)bepulleddown.Itisnecessarythatadoctor(should)besentforatonce.3.表语从句当suggestion,order,proposal,demand等名词作主语时,其后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构,其中should可以省略。Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.4.同位语从句在suggestion,advice,order,proposal,demand等名词后跟的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”结构,其中should可以省略。Hissuggestionthatwe(should)setoffat5∶00a.m.isnotgoodenough.三、虚拟语气的特殊句型1.Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.didsth.Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.didsth.(that可以省略)表示“是某人做某事的时候了”,此句型应用虚拟语气,从句用一般过去时。另外,也可使用Itis(high/about)time(that)sb.shoulddosth.结构,其中should不能省略。Itis11∶00now.Itishightime(that)youwent/shouldgotobed.2.wouldrather(that)sb.didsth.当表示“宁愿某人做某事”时,如果是没有发生的动作,从句用一般过去时,即wouldrathersb.didsth.;如果是已经发生的动作,从句用过去完成时,即wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。I’dratheryoulefttomorrow.感悟高考1.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.(2010·湖南,29)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow解析句意为:如果他早听我的建议的话,他就不会丢了工作。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。C2.—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010·天津,15)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold解析答语句意为:——John若是告诉我他要去医院的话,我就跟他一起去了。根据句意知选D项,说明事实是John没有告诉我他要去医院的事,我也没有跟他一块儿去。此题表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用“If+主语+haddone”的形式,主句谓语部分用“情态动词+havedone”的形式。D3.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhemoreonitsculture.(2010·江苏,34)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused解析句意为:乔治打算谈论他的国家的地理,但我宁愿他更多地把焦点集中在文化上。wouldrather后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,若表示与将来和现在的事实相反的情况,则谓语动词要用一般过去时,由上句中“isgoingto...”可知B项时态正确。B4.Ifwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010·陕西,15)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken解析句意为:如果我们走另一条路的话,我们或许能够及时到达这里参加这次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词mighthavearrived可以推出,本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以if条件句中应该用过去完成时。B5.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.(2010·浙江,10)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved解析句意为:如果我知道这个电脑程序,就会节省大量的时间和精力。由上句“HadIknown”可知,从句为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,省略了if,那么主句谓语形式应为wouldhavedone。A领悟语法Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Hadwebeenhereabitearlier,we(be)abletocatchthelastbus.2.Ifyou(take)myadvice,you(cry)overyourfailurenow.3.—Ihavegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.—Really?Iwishyou(tell)meaboutitearlier.Afterall,wearefriends.4.—Whydidn’tyouattendLinda’swedding?—Iwouldn’tliketo.Itisstrangethatshe(marry)thatgoodfornothingguy.wouldhavebeenhadtakenwouldn’tbecryinghadtold(should)havemarried5.Myfatherinsistedthateveryminute(make)fulluseof(do)theworkwell.6.Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudents(notcheat)inanyexam.7.PresidentHuJintaourgedthateveryeffort(make)torescueandtreattheinjuredwhentheearthquakehappenedinSichuan.8.Ican’tthankyoutoomuchbecausewithoutyourhelpI(notwin)thefirstprize.(should)bemadetodo(should)notcheat(should)bemadewouldn’thavewonⅡ.单项填空1.Wewouldjointhemfordinner.A.shouldtheyaskB.shalltheyaskC.iftheyaskD.whethertheyask解析由主句的结构可知这是对将来情况的虚拟,此时从句的结构是shoulddo/weretodo/did,如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装,故选择A。A2.Mysuggestionisthatyoumuchmeat.A.wouldn’ttakeB.shallnottakeC.nothaveD.won’thave解析suggestion后应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,should可以省略。C3.—HowIwanttohavestudiedharderwhenIwasinschool.—Ifyou,youwouldn’tworklateintonighteverydaynowadays.A.didB.shouldC.hadD.would解析由“whenIwasinschool”可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句省略了studiedhard。C4.—hecomeandvisityouasplanned?—Ofcourse.AndI’dratherhemewhathesawwithhisowneyesinGreece.A.Will;willtellB.Shall;toldC.Shall;willtellD.Will;told解析shall用于第一、三人称,在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求;wouldrather后的从句若表示将来的动作,谓语动词用过去时。B5.hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When解析本题为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。A6.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WouldB.ShouldC.WereD.Will解析由tomorrow可知,从句应该是对将来情况的假设,此时从句的结构是shoulddo/weretodo/did,如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装,故选择B。B7.—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No.IfonlyIthosetoughwordstohim.A.didn’tsayB.hadn’tsaidC.shouldn’thavesaidD.couldn’thavesaid解析由语境可知,ifonly后的句子与过去的事实相反,故谓语动词用过去完成时。B8.Theymusthaveenjoyedthemselvesthere,otherwisetheysolong.A.can’thavestayedB.wouldn’thavestayedC.can’tstayD.wouldn’tstay解析由“musthaveenjoyed”可知otherwise后的情况是与过去的事实相反的,故谓语动词应用wouldhavedone。B9.—Ihopeyou’reenjoyingyourstayhere.—Ifitfortheclimate,Iwouldlikeithereverymuch.A.isn’tB.hasn’tbeenC.w