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精细化工工艺学2015习题课[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering第1章绪论1.第一个公认的精细化工产品的化学名称是什么？发明的化学家是谁？第一个公认的精细化工产品的化学名称：苯胺紫发明的化学家：W.H.Perkin威廉.亨利.珀金[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering2.什么是“动脉工程”、“静脉工程”，“绿色化工”的主要含义是什么？1995年美国提出绿色挑战计划，奖励和支持从源头清除化学污染并可工业化的发明，提出了“动脉工程”和“静脉工程”的概念。把从石油及煤等原料合成塑料、纤维、橡胶等的工业化过程叫做“动脉工程”，把废塑料、废纤维、废橡胶的回收再生叫做“静脉工程”。[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering绿色化学又称环境无害化学(EnvironmentallyBenignChemistry)环境友好化学(EnvironallyFriendlyChemistry)清洁化学(CleanChemistry)绿色化学即是用化学的技术和方法去减少或消灭那些对人类健康、社区安全、生态环境有害的原料、催化剂、溶剂和试剂、产物、副产物等的使用和产生。绿色化学的理想在于不再使用有毒、有害的物质，不再产生废物。不再处理废物。它是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学。[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering3.精细有机合成的主要原料有哪些？来源是怎样的？在查阅文献的基础上写出“二十一世纪能源与化工合成原料”小论文。三烯：乙烯、丙烯、丁烯；三苯：苯、甲苯、二甲苯；甲烷，共七种原料来源于石油、煤和天然气。世界上约90%有机化工产品的原料来源于这七种原料！！[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering4.新世纪国内外精细化工工业的发展趋势与特点有哪些？环境保护；合成关键技术（催化技术和生物技术）降低原材料消耗；节约能源；专用化技术与精细化工技术创新！！！[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering第2章精细有机合成反应理论1．确定下列化合物进行亲电取代反应时的难易顺序。难易顺序：1-4-3-5-2COCH3NHCOCH3ClCH3[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering2.以最合理合成工艺路线合成下列化合物。[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringClNO2COOHNO2COOHNH2OH[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringNH2COOH1.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCl2FeClH2SO4HNO3ClNO2[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering2.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3氧化硝化CH3NO2COOHNO2[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering3.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3氧化硝化COOHCOOHNO2还原COOHNH2[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering4.苯酚（1）早期：磺化碱熔法；（2）现在：异丙苯氧化酸解法；（3）其它：氯苯水解法；苯甲酸脱羧法等！[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering5.[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3HNO3H2SO4CH3NO2氧化NO2COOH还原COOHNH2CH3HNO3H2SO4CH3NO2氧化NO2COOH还原COOHNH23.化学化工工程师必须具备的专业知识结构及内容有哪些？•教材2.2-2.19相关知识，在将来工作中学习补充！！[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering1.合成下列化合物[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringClClCF3ClCF3ClCHOClNO2ClClCOOHClNO2COOHClNO2[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering第3章卤化反应NH2ClClCHOClCF3ClClCOOHCl1.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringNO2NO2混酸Cl2紫外光T.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering2.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3CCl3ClCl2FeCl3Cl2光CH3ClHFT.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering3.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3CCl3CCl3ClCl2光Cl2FeCl3HFT.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering4.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3Cl2CHCl2H2O光CatCHOCl2FeCl3T.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering5.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringClClClClNO2氯化硝化[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering6.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3CH3NO2CH3NO2Cl混酸Cl2FeCl3空气氧化T.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering7.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3CH3ClCOOHClT.MCl2FeCl3氧化混酸[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering8.[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCl2FeCl3ClClHNO3H2SO4ClClNO2还原ClClNH29.[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3Cl2FeCl3CH3ClCl2紫外光CHCl2ClH2OZnCl2CHOCl10.[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3Cl2FeCl3CH3ClClCl2紫外光CCl3ClClNaFCF3ClCl11.[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringCH3Cl2FeCl3CH3Cl氧化COOHCl2.工业溴化反应进行时，为什么常常需要加入氧化剂？通常选择加入的氧化剂有哪些？P1063.文献查阅下列常见卤化物的用途和工业合成方法？四氯化碳、氯乙酸、氯乙酰氯、对氯氯苄、2－氯甲基吡啶、间氯硝基苯、对氯苯酚、邻氯苯甲酸、2，6－二氯甲苯、环氧氯丙烷、氟乙酸乙酯。[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering第4章磺化1.以最合理的合成工艺路线合成下列化合物。（S表示为磺酸基团）[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringNH2SNH2SNH2SSNH2SS[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringNH2SO3H•1.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringNO2NH2NH2SO3H混酸还原烘焙磺化NaHSO3T.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering•2.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineeringH2SO4SO3H混酸NO2SO3H还原T.M[][]ChangzhouUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering•3.[][]JiangsuPolytechnicUniversitySchoolofPetroChemicalEngineering硝化还原NH2烘焙