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■现代大学英语精读4|教晞用韦我们的思维方式甚至在年轻时就已固定。这样我们就变成了詹姆斯所说的“老顽固”。当然也有人直到老年思想保持开放，并不断调整自己的思维方式，但这只是个别情况。人们既可能在17岁也可能在70岁成为老顽固。“我真不敢这么直说（詹姆斯语），但我相信对大多数人来说，顽固不化大约在25岁就开始发生了。”25.尽管在确定思维的过程中有上述种种非理性的因素需要我们考虑在内，但仍然有人——不是所有人，也不是多数人，但是有些人——脑子里渴望了解事实，理性地考虑事情的方方面面，不惜任何代价地去寻求真相，而不管真相是什么！本文就为有这种头脑的人所写。IVKeytoExercisesPreviewQDothefollowingexercises.IReviewhowthefollowingwordsareformed.1.poly-,mono-(prefix):1)poly-(prefix):morethanone,e.g.polygamy多夫/多妻制；polysyllable多音节2)mono-(prefix):singleorone，e.g.monogamy一夫一妻制；monosyllable单音节2.be-(prefix):Itoftenformsverbswithnouns(oroccasionallyadjectives),e.g.belittle轻视，贬低；behead砍头；befriend以朋友相待；bewitch使着魔；bedevil弄糟，搞坏；besiege包围；befit适合，与.......相称；belabor卩罗唆（TVofc:Thesewordsareusuallyveryformal.)3.a-(prefix):Itoftenformsadverbswithnounsoradjectivesandcanbeusedtoindicatemanythings,e.g.afresh(anew)重新地；abreast并肩地；adrift漫无目的地；afloat漂浮着；afield遥远地；astride双脚分开（坐在上面）地；astray迷了路地/走人邪道地4.-verse(root):Itmeans“turninginacertaindirection.”Itcanhelpustounderstandthemeaningofthesewordsifweknowtheusesoftheirprefixes:con-,re-,di-，per-,in-，tra-.Comparealsothesewordswiththoseverbswhichshare“-vert，”e.g.convert使转变；reverse使反转；divert使转移；pervert使堕落；invert使倒置;avert防止5.de-(prefix):usedforgivingthewordtheoppositemeaning,e.g.desalinate使脱盐/使（海水）淡化；dehydrate使脱水；deport驱逐出境；deescalate逐步降级；deconstruct解构；demobilize使复员60Unit32Reviewhownounslikethefollowingareoftenusedasverbsinaninterestingway.1.Whenusedasverbs,thesewordsoftenmean“actingthewaytheseanimalsdo.”Forexample,Heismerelyparroting.Thereisnothingoriginal.Shemanagedtowormherwayuptothetop.Thoseyoungpeopleweredeterminednottosnailbehindtheothers.Hewassohungrythathewolfeddowneverythinginlessthanoneminute.Luckilyheduckedjustintimetoavoidthestone.Itwasashamethathechickenedoutatthelastmoment.Itwasdiscoveredthatallthemoneyhadbeensquirreledawaybycorruptofficials.Adirtroadsnakedthroughtheforest.Shewasdoggedbyreporterswherevershewent.Therewerethreeeyewitnesses，buttheyallclammedup.2.Whenusedasverbs,thesewordsoftenmean“totakeawaythesethings.”Forexample,Hewassittingtherepeelinganapple(huskingcom/scalingorguttingafish).Inthosedaystherewasnomachinetoshellpeasandbeans.Itwasalldonebyhand.Itwastimetoweedthegarden.Thereisanoldsayingthatthereismorethanonewaytoskinacat.Wehavetodustourroomseverydayfirstthinginthemorning.Note:Whenusedasverbs,theycanalsooftenmeantoputthesethingsinacertainplace.Forexample,Itisabouttimetowaterthewheat.(済水）Hewastarredandfeathered.(身上涂了柏油，再粘上羽毛作为惩罚）Thewallsarepapered.(糊了墙纸的）Yourbikeneedsoiling.(该上油了）3Completethefollowingverbphraseswithanyofthefourpreposition(s).1.at11.on2.out12.on/out3.out13.ofFout4.at14.on5.off/out15.on6.out16.out7.on/ofF/out17.at/on/off/out8.on/off/out18.on/ofF/out9.off/out19.on10.out20.at61■现代大学英语精读4|教师用韦21.at22.at/on/off/out23.at24.over25.at/on/oflf/out26.at/ofF/out27.off/out28.on29.on/off/out30.at/on/out31.out32.out33.on/out34.at/out35.on/off/out36.on/off/out37.on38.on39.off/out40.off/out41.out42.out43.off/out44.off/out45.off/out46.at/out47.at/out48.at/on/off49.on/ofiB^out50.at51.out52.at/on53.out54.at/ofF/out55.on/off/out56.ofFout57.on/off58.on/out59.on/of^out60.on/off/out61.at/on/oflf/out62.on/off/out63.at/out4Translatethefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothedifferentmeaningsofthewordsinboldtype.1.采纳一个主意；领养一个孩子2.正在罢工的工人；一个突出的例子3.招待客人；抱有希望4.一个智力超群的学者；他那个时代最伟大的思想家之一5.—套新公寓，平躺在床上；平整的农田；断然地拒绝；彻底的破产6.盘旋/转圈；形成一个圆圈；工商界；家庭圈子7.—套房间；一套规则；一个固定的车速限制；固定的观点；一个固定的表达方法；一个固定的费用；落日/夕阳；使某人大笑起来；出发；燃放（焰火）；建立;把某物放在某处；树立榜样；等液体凝固起来8.买股票；股票交易所；股东；某物有足够存货；存货已经没有了；讲完了某人的老笑话；好莱坞电影的老套62Unit39.从地板上把它捡起来；到机场接我；给警察抓去了；加快了速度，继续谈话；（健康状况、经济等）正在好转/复苏10.跑出(房间）；钱用光了（钱快用光了）；没有时间了（时间快没有了）；（护照、合同等）到期了VocabularvQTranslatethefollowingexpressions.IntoEnglish1•classifytheseanimals2.holdadifferentview3.extendthemeaningofthisword/term4.establishanewtheory5.abandonhisconviction6.reversetheprocess7.valuetheirrespect8.question/doubt/challengeitstruth9.belittletheirviews10.adoptanewthoughtpattern/wayofthinking11.makeallowanceforsth12.demonstratetheopposite13.entertainallkindsofutopianideas14.parrototherpeopleIntoChinese1.非理性因素2.社会地位3.过去的好日子4.思维方式5.怀疑的余地6.老掉牙的趣闻轶事7.—个教条的观点8.—个鲜明的对照9.长期的斗争10.矛盾冲突的想法11.一场恶吵12.根深蒂固的观念13.毫无根据的意见14.仅仅是断言；完全是强词夺理QPutappropriateprepositionsoradverbsintheblanks.1.at,against,to,out/over2.at,about3.from,with,off4.on,off5.out,as6.as,out7.as,out8.on，as,for9.off,with,as10.at,as11.as,out12.out,out63議现代大学英语精读4|教师用韦QReplacethepartsinboldtypewithappropriatewordsandexpressionsfromthetext.1.meetwith,bareassertion2.acceptaviewuncritically,restsupon,mere3.holdoppositeviews,conflictinginterests4.merelyparroting,tend,fitinwith5.conceiveof,consistentwith6.isalsotrueof,makeallowancefor7.stocksubjects,goingtothedogs8.infashion,argumentinitsfavor9.bearagrudgeagainst,shakeoff,recollections10.belittle,attributeto11.Asarule,wouldbethelastpersontobe,becamejealousof12.Inlightof,leftnoroomfordoubt,imminentQTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Ourreformandopenpolicyresultedinrapideconomicgrowth.Butwemustnotforgetthatthepolicyinturnresultedfromthegreatemancipation/liberationofpeop