高中英语语法—形容词、副词

形容词、副词高中英语语法形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．形容词1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：如果两个或者两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果没法区分密切程度，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后，如：aninterestingEnglishfilm一部有趣的英国电影asmallbutbeautifulroom（音节多的在后）一间小而漂亮的房间多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：在不确定的时候，可参照如下口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房注释：美——描述性质；小——大小、长短、高矮胖瘦旧——新旧、年龄圆——形状；黄——颜色；法国——产地、国籍；木——材料；书房——用途anewredsilkcap一顶红色新丝帽ashortyoungJapanesebusinessman例题1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold答案点拨：C由限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不+形”1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.ElsenobodyCCCCThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．有的已构成固定词组。1.Hemadeushappy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持教室清洁。形容词的构成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worriedsurprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—excitingsurprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名词+ly”构成8.复合形容词aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩一段10分钟的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。TomisastallasMike.1、as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.2、so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroombythedoor.3,表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词+as”的结构。如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone这间房是那间房的三倍大词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearlynarrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：用the+形容词最高级形式+in接单数名词用the+形容词最高级形式+of接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。使用形容词比较级时1、可用“比较级形式+thananyother+单数名词来表达最高级的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the+比较级形式+ofthetwo…来表达两者之间的比较。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.注意区别下列两个句子：加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意使用形容词最高级时1.可用“oneof+the最高级形式+名词复数”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意：2.最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。Yesterdaywasmy