critical-thinking-ppt

CriticalThinkingCriticalthinkingistheabilitytothinkclearlyandrationally.Itincludestheabilitytoengageinreflectiveandindependentthinking.Someonewithcriticalthinkingskillsisabletodothefollowing:•understandthelogicalconnectionsbetweenideas•identify,constructandevaluatearguments•detectinconsistenciesandcommonmistakesinreasoning•solveproblemssystematically•identifytherelevanceandimportanceofideasandtoreflectonthejustificationofone'sownbeliefsandvaluesCriticalThinkingFormulatingandClarifyingtheResearchTopic•Attributesofagoodresearchtopic–Checkyourassessmentcriteria–Makesureyouchoosetherighttopic–UnderstandyourresearchtopicGeneratingandrefiningresearchideas•Rationalthinking•Examiningyourownstrengthsandinterests•Lookingatpastprojecttitles•Discussionwithyourtutororfriendsandclassmates•Searchtheliterature•Scanthemedia•Creativethinking–Keepanotebookofideas–Explorepersonalpreferencesusingpastprojects–Relevancetrees–BrainstormingGeneratingandrefiningresearchideasTurningresearchideasintoresearchprojects•Writingresearchquestions–Researchidea:E-bookshavenounifiedstandardformat–Researchquestions:Whataretheadvantagesofnothavingstandarde-bookformat?Whatarethedisadvantagesofnothavingstandarde-bookformat?Havepublishingcompaniesbeeneffective?Havee-bookreaderbeeneffective?Turningresearchideasintoresearchprojects•Writingobjectives–Toidentifytheadvantagesanddisadvantages–Lookingforthefactsanddataontheinfluenceonpublishingcompaniesandreaders•Whatisliterature–Academicpublications:BooksJournalsArticlesProfessionalExpertopinionsonyourresearchprojectCriticalreviewyourliteratureCriticalreviewprocessResearchquestionsandobjectives-DefineParameters-GenerateandrefinethekeywordsConductsearchCriticalreviewprocessObtainliteratureEvaluateRecordStartdraftingreviewBeingCritical•Refertoandassessresearchbyrecognisedexpertsinyourchosenarea.•Consideranddiscussresearchthatsupportsandresearchthatopposesyourideas•Makereasonedjudgementsregardingthevalueofothers’research,showingclearlyhowitrelatestoyourresearch•Justifyyourargumentswithvalidevidenceinalogicalmanner•DistinguishclearlybetweenfactandopinionStructureofcriticalreview•Startatamoregenerallevelbeforenarrowingdowntoyourspecificresearchquestionsandobjectives•Provideabriefoverviewofkeyideasandthemes•Summarise,compareandcontrasttheresearchofthekeywriters•NarrowdowntohighlightpreviousresearchworkmostrelevanttoyourownresearchStructureofcriticalreview•Provideadetailedaccountofthefindingsofthisresearchandshowhowtheyarerelated•Highlightthoseaspectswhereyourownresearchwillprovidefreshinsights•Leadthereaderintosubsequentsectionsofyourprojectreport,whichexploretheseissues.NotingLimitationsFactorsthatlimittheapplicabilityoffindings•Outofdate•Limitedinscope•Limitedinvalidity/generalisabilityResearchExampleReferences:•Creswell,J.W.2003.ResearchDesign:Qualitative,Quantitative,andMixedMethodsApproaches.London:SagePublications.•Horton,C.D.(1972).Humanizationofthelearningenvironment.Arlington,VA.(ERICDocumentReproductionServiceNo.ED066929).•Natale,S.M.,Libertella,A.F.,Rothschild,B.M.1995.Decision-makingprocess:thekeytoqualitydecisions.AmericanJournalofManagementDevelopment,1(4):5-8.•Silverman,D.2000.Doingqualitativeresearch:apracticalhandbook.London:Sage.Steger,B.(2006).‘Sleepingthroughclasstosuccess.’Time&Society,Vol.15,No.2-3,pp.197-214.