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单元语法小专题(GrammarFocus)语法精讲一、动词的时态根据最新教学大纲规定，初中阶段要求学生必须掌握的动词时态包括一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时及一般将来时。1.一般现在时一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态和客观真理，常用的时间状语有often，usually，always，sometimes，everyday(week，month)等。如:Heusuallygoestoschoolbybike.他通常骑自行车上学。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。【温馨提示】在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如:Ifyoudon'tgosoon，you'llbelate.如果你不快点去，你就会迟到的。Youmustn'teatanythinguntilyouseethedoctor.看医生之前你不能吃东西。2.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday，ago，lastnight(week，month)，justnow，in2000等。如:Itsnowedheavilylastnight.昨天晚上雪下得很大。Itwasverycoldyesterday.昨天非常冷。3.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有:tomorrow，nextweek(year，month)，intwodays等。如:Mr.WuwillteachusEnglishthisterm.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。Iwillgotomyhometownnextweek.下周我要回老家。【温馨提示】(1)“begoingto＋动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。如:I'mgoingtodomyhomeworkthisevening.我打算今天晚上做作业。(2)come，go，start，move，leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。如:Thewholefamily'sgoingfortwomonths.全家要去两个月。TheyareleavingforBeijingtomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。4.现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语有now，atthismoment或句首有提示词look，listen等。如:I'mreadingabooknow.我现在正在读一本书。Look!Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.看！他们正在操场上踢足球。5.过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有atthis(that)timeyesterday，atnineo'clockyesterday等。如:Theywereworkinginclassthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课。Iwasdrawingahorsewhentheteachercamein.老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。6.现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already，never，ever，just，yet等时间状语或thesedays，fortwoyears，since2000，since＋过去时态等连用。如:Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经把这些照片寄出去了。Hehastaughtatthisschoolsince2000.他从2000年起一直在这所学校任教。二、动词的语态被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者。常考的动词的被动语态主要有:1.一般现在时的被动语态由“助动词be的现在式am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:ComputersaremadeintheUSA.计算机是在美国被制造的。Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们的教室每天都打扫。2.一般过去时的被动语态由“助动词be的过去式was/were＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:Thisparkwasbuiltin1999.这个公园建造于1999年。Lastyearmanytreesandflowerswereplantedinourschool.去年许多树和花在我们学校被种植。3.一般将来时的被动语态由“willbe＋动词的过去分词”构成。如:TheclassroomwillbecleanedbyLiLeitomorrow.明天李磊将打扫教室。Thesehomeworkwillbefinishedintenminutes.这些作业将在10分钟内完成。4.现在完成时的被动语态由“has/havebeen＋动词过去分词”构成。如:Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.这些脏衣服都洗了。Thechildhasbeentakencareofbyheralltheseyears.这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。5.含有情态动词的被动语态其结构为:情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。如:Theyoungtreesshouldbeplantedinspring.应该在春天植树。Myhomeworkcanbefinishedinonehourtoday.今天我的家庭作业可以在一个小时内完成。语法精练Ⅰ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Aseriouscaraccident________(happen)inthisstreetlastSunday.2.—WhatwilltheweatherbelikethiscomingSaturday?—Ihopeit________(be)afinedayforourpicnic!Ican'twait!3.—Doyoulikejunkfood，Linda?—That'smyfavorite.ThemorejunkfoodI________(have)，thehappierI________(be).4.—Whatdidyourmothersayaboutthis?—She________(say)thatshe________(try)herbesttohelpmewithmyEnglishnextterm.5.—Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit________(stop)，Tom.—Iwon't，Dad.Don'tworryaboutme.6.—Isyourfatheradoctor?—Yes，heis.He________(work)intheChildren'sHospital.7.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening，buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh，I'msorry.I________(have)dinneratmyfriend'satthattime.8.—Isthisjacketyours，Linda?—No，Ithinkit________(belong)toMaria.Shehasaredone.9.Billisagoodstudent.Healways________(finish)hishomeworkontime.10.I________(notread)thebookLittleWomenyet，butI'llletyoureaditfirst.11.Atalkonscience________(give)inourschoolnextSunday.12.Theletter________(write)inJapanese.Canyoureaditforme?13.Chinese________(speak)bymoreandmorepeopleintheworldnow.14.Themagazines________(mustreturn)tothelibraryintwoweeks.15.—Whatkindofricedoyouthinkisthebesttoeat?—Iliketoeatthericethat________(grow)inthesouthofChina.16.Somethingmust________(do)tomakeourcityabetterplacetolivein.17.Threepatients________(operate)onbythefamousdoctorinthepast10hours.18.We________(tell)nottoplaycomputergamesatschool.19.Thelittleboywasoftenseento________(read)booksbythelakeafterschool.20.Thephone________(invent)byBell.Heisverygreat.Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。21.IhavejustlearnedfivehundredEnglishwords.(改为一般疑问句)________youjust________fivehundredEnglishwords?22.Theybuiltanewparkinourcitylastyear.(改为被动语态)Anewpark________________inourcitylastyear.23.PeopleusedradiostolearnEnglishinthepast.(改为被动语态)Radios________________tolearnEnglishinthepast.24.Youcanbringyourfriendstomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening.(改为被动语态)Yourfriends________________________tomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening.25.Thestudentscleantheclassroomeveryday.(用now作时间状语改写句子)Thestudents________________theclassroomnow.单元语法小专题(GrammarFocus)Ⅰ.1.happened2.willbe3.have；willbe4.said；wouldtry5.stops6.works7.washaving8.belongs9.finishes10.haven'tread11.willbegiven12.iswritten13.isspoken14.mustbereturned15.isgrown16.bedone17.havebeenoperated18.aretold19.read20．wasinventedⅡ.21.Have；learned22.wasbuilt23.wereused24.canbebrought25.arecleaning