现代大学英语精读4--第二版-Unit-1--2

StructureI.Introduction:TherearethreekindsofthinkingandImyselfcouldnotthinkatall.(para.1)II.Thethreegradesofthinking(paras.2-32)A.Grade-threethinking:thewriter’sheadmasterbeinganexample(paras.2-24)B.Grade-twothinking(paras.25-29)C.Grade-onethinking(paras.30-32)III.Conclusion:Conversionofthewriterintoagrade-onethinker(paras.33-35).49.Iwasirreverentatthebestoftimes.Politicalandreligioussystems,socialcustoms,loyaltiesandtraditions,theyallcametumblingdownlikesomanyrottenapplesoffatree.(para.31)在情况最好的时候，我也没有表现出敬意。政治和宗教制度、社会风俗、忠诚和传统。在我看来都像树上诸多的烂苹果一样会纷纷滚落在地。Irreverent:lackingreverence;criticalofwhatisgenerallyacceptedorrespected不虔诚的、不恭敬的atthebestoftimes:adv.在最有利的情况下Evenatthebestoftimestheliftwasseldomworking.即使最顺利的时候，电梯也是很少开的。Tumble:跌倒，摔倒；被绊倒；倒塌；翻来覆去，翻腾Tumbletotheground.Thehousetumbleddowninthestorm.Languagepoints50.Icameupintheendwithwhatmustalwaysremainthejustificationforgrade-onethinking.Idevisedacoherentsystemforliving.Itwasamoralsystem,whichwaswhollylogical.(Para.31)最后我悟出了如何才能保持一级思考能力的真谛。我构建了一个统一的生存体系，那是一个道德体系，完全合乎逻辑。--Accordingtotheauthor,grade-onethinkingmustbebasedonacoherentandlogicalsystemforliving,inotherwords,amoralsystem,withoutwhichyoucannotproveyourselftobeagrade-onethinker.Judgingbythecontext,thissystemprobablyreferstoone’sworldoutlook世界观andbasicpoliticalbeliefsandmoralprinciples.Comeupwith:追赶上；比得上；想出；准备好（钱等）Hecouldalwayscomeupwithareasonforthemtostayforanotherweek.devise:想出，设计51.Ofcourse,asIreadilyadmitted,conversionoftheworldtomywayofthinkingmightbedifficult,sincemysystemdidawaywithanumberoftrifles,suchasbigbusiness,centralizedgovernment,armies,marriage.(para.31)--OfcourseIknewverywellthatitmightbedifficulttochangetheworldtomywayofthinking.doawaywithanumberoftrifles：togetridofanumberofunimportantthingssuchasbigbusiness…Itshowsthattheauthorisagainstbigbusiness,centralizedgovernment,armies,etc.doawaywith:Todoawaywithsomethingmeanstoremoveitcompletelyorputanendtoit.废除，消灭，去掉；涤除；搞掉trifle:可数名词小事;琐事;无价值的东西Atrifleissomethingthatisconsideredtohavelittleimportance,value,orsignificance.52.ItwasRuthalloveragain.Ihadsomeverygoodfriendswhostoodbyme,andstilldo.Butmyacquaintancesvanished,takingthegirlswiththem.(Para.32)--WhathadhappenedtoRuthandmenowhappenedagain.Mygrade-twothinkingfrightenedawaymanyofmyacquaintances.alloveragain:repeated再来一遍、重新开始I'llhavetowriteitalloveragain.我得从头再写一遍。standbya.toremainuninvolved;torefrainfromacting旁观b.toremainloyalto;toaidorsupport支持c.tokeepormaintain遵守d.tobereadyoravailabletoact准备行动e.g.Hestoodbymethroughallmytroubles.Thepolicearestandingbytocontrolthecrowdifitisnecessary.Youshouldalwaysstandbyyourpromises.Youcan’tstandbyandallowsuchathing.Acquaintancen.a.apersonwhomoneknows(CN)b.knowledgeorinformationaboutsomethingorsomeone(UN)n.acquaintanceshipv.acquaint:Tocometoknowpersonally;tomakefamiliar;toinform;Examples:Mrs.Bosomleyhasbecomemerelyanoddingacquaintance.点头之交；FewofmyacquaintanceslikeSheila.认识的人TheguidehassomeacquaintancewithItalian.懂一点意大利语Hehasawideacquaintanceshipamongallsortsofpeople.交往甚广53.Hadthegamegonetoofar?Inthoseprewardays,Istoodtoloseagreatdeal,forthesakeofahobby.(para.33)--Inthoseprewardayswhenmanypeoplewerefullyworkeduptoapoliticalfrenzy,itwasverydangeroustovoicedifferentopinions.Youmightlosefriendsoryourjob.game:hisgrade-onethinkingwhichhetakesasahobbygotoofar:togobeyondwhatisreasonableandacceptable走得太远，做的过火；出圈儿Don‘tgotoofarafieldoryou'llgetlost.别走得太远，要不然你会迷路的。stoodtolose:tobelikelytolose定然会54.NowyouareexpectingmetodescribehowIsawthefollyofmywaysandcamebacktothewarmnest…(para.34)--NowyouthinkIwilltellyouhowIgraduallysawmystupidityinbeingagrade-onethinkerandthereforedecidedtogiveitupandreturntothemajorityofgrade-threethinkers.现在你一定指望我描述我如何认识到了我自己设计的愚蠢的思维方式，又是如何回到温暖的小巢了吧。在这个安乐窝中，偏见被称为忠诚，无意义的行为被不断重复后变成了习俗，我们却心满意足地说自己在思考。follyn.蠢笨蠢笨；愚行；讽刺剧55.Butyouwouldbewrong.Idroppedmyhobbyandturnedprofessional.(para.35)但是，你错了。我把我的嗜好变成了职业。--Butyouguessedwrong.Ididnotdropmyhobbyofthinking(here,wecansayhemightgiveupthehobbyofgrade-twothinking).InsteadIwentfurtherandbecameaprofessionalthinker.II.WritingDevicesMetonymy（转喻）issubstitutingawordforanotherwordcloselyassociatedwithit.Inmetonymy,anideaisevokedornamedbymeansoftermdesignating指出someassociatednotion.“It”standsfor“thought”ingrammar,butactuallyreferstoMr.Houghton,anditisvulgartorefertoagirlasaskirt.Itwilllectureondisinterestedpuritywhileitsneckisbeingremorselesslytwistedtowardaskirt.(Para.23)Mr.HoughtongirlsTheburglarwasinSally’smindalldaylong.(burglar=someideaoftheburglar)•Democracyfavorsthevoteratherthanthebullet.(Vote=election,bullet=militarysolutions)•“Politicalpowergrowsoutofthebarrelofagun.”(MaoZedongrefersittothemilitaryrevolution)•BillGatesisthekingofoperatingsystemsworldwide.(BillGates=Microsoft)•Thepenismightierthanthesword.(pen=writer;sword=fighter)文能胜武.MoreexamplesII.WritingDevicesSynecdoche[sɪ’nekdəki]（提喻）Synecdochecanbeincludedinmetonymy,anditreferstothesubstitutionofthepartforthewholeorofthewholeforthepart.Ifwewerecountingheads,theBuddhistsweretheboysformymoney.(Para.27)