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英语阅读讲义主讲人：墨东博8月4日内容：（1）做阅读时，注意“重复原则”；（2）词汇的精深理解，即理解简单词汇得深层次意思；（3）态度词汇，即能够反应作者观点、是否赞成的相关词语；（4）热词假意；（5）重要句型和相关词汇。一、重复原则：（RP原则）1、同源词，但是词性不一致。（中文和英文在句意得表达上有所差别：中文当意思相同时，往往用统一个词语表达，而英文则是用不同的词语(如：代词、物主代词等)或改变词语时态来表示同一意思即不喜欢重复使用同一词语。例：（2010/A）WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,Andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottoUnderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.MymotherhasrealizedthelimitationsofherEnglishaswell.WhenIwasfifteen,sheusedtohavemecallpeopleonphonetopretendIwasshe.Iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher.OnetimeIhadtocallherstockbroker(股票经纪人).Isaidinqnadolescentvoicethatwasnotveryconvincing,“ThisisMrs.Tan.”41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?（RP原则）A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.(选A)第一步：先看段落中有没有转折原因词。发现第二句有“Becauseof”，这是考点，引出作者要强调的内容。牛人必备基本功：1、how、however、yet2、nevertheless、nonetheless3、……，though……（然而）、whereas，……（然而）4、still，……（即时如此，但）5、Infact，……）、Actually，……、Asthematteroffact，……（实际……）6、Now、Nowadays（现在、如今）7、……，while……/while,……（虽然/尽管）8、虽然：Although……，（系表结构）As……，……（往往会引起倒装），egYoungasheis，……Inspiteof，……9、Because、becauseof……段落中出现词语为wastreatedunfairly——受到不平等待遇（注意副词unfairly有较强的语气，带有作者强烈的感情）在问题中却使用poorlyserved——受到不平等待遇（注意副词poorly与unfairly的对应性）以及用同样的词语但是表达不同的意思，如：change分别在同一段落中的不同句子中以名词N或形容词V出现。）练习:（2010年B）Whensomethinggoeswrong，itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay，“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowI’mlate，butit’snotmyfault；thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault，butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation，youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttoearryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleaguecausesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyontheperson.Youshouldacceptthattheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyonthisperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.46.Accordingtothepassage,winners.A.dealwithproblemsratherthatblameothersB.meetwithfewerdifficultiesintheirlivesC.haveresponsibleandablecolleaguesD.blamethemselvesratherthatothers(A)47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider(C)48.Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould.A.findabetterwaytohandletheproblemB.blamehimforhislackofresponsibilityC.tellhimtofindthecauseoftheproblemD.askamoreablecolleagueforhelp(A)段落中出现词语为stop……start……、blame、remedy、winner’s）在问题中却使用ratherthan、blame、dealwith）例：句1~~~~change~~~~在此句中为动词句2~~~~~~change~~~~在此句中为名词假如他们都属于同一段落！这就是出题者常用陷阱，看是否能够将它们区分开。（因此，在答案中出现了与原文完全相同的语句通常不能选，因为外国人不喜欢重复使用语句）2、使用近义词或同义词。例：句1~~~~change~~~(v----动词形式)句2~~~~~toshift~~~~注意：在英语阅读文章中，每一段落只有一个中心；如果在同一段落中发现某一概念重复出现即两次或两次以上，则他一定是本段的中心句或中心意思或核心。3、同一语意场。同一段落中，用不同的词语或词性来表达同一意思。例：——表达“改变”分别使用以下词汇：句1~~~~change~~~~句2~~~~~toshift~~~~句3~~~~~transformation~~~句4~~~~~transformating~~句5~~~~~altering~~~4、词或句的重复原则。例：文章中出现——Wewillspendtwoweekstofinishthehomework.答案中出现——Ittakesusfornight（14天）completingourassightment.【词义辨析】Complete,finish,end,close,conclude,terminate,accomplish这些动词均含“结束，完成”之意。complete:侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。finish:与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。end:最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。close:普通用词，着重行为的终止或结束，不强调其目的。conclude:正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终。terminate:强调有一个空间和时间的限度，届时必须终止。书面语用词。accomplish:正式用词，强调一个过程的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果。5、上义与下义重复或有逻辑关系，如包含关系、同类关系。(2010年C)Foodhometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Certainmicroorganisms（微生物）causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Becteriaandothermicroorganismsandpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease（释放）poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.【由but可知中心语句，Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.“but”后面强调的内容是关键“sometypesaredeadly”是sometypes某些类型，不是全部。B选项的意思说Foodpoisoning意味着死亡，是以偏概全的说法。】（c）52.Weknowfromthepassagethatthesymptomsoffoodpoisoning.A.arealwaysaccompaniedbyafeverB.aretoocommontobenotedC.canbenoticedwithinhoursD.canheignored【Rp原则，问题的中心词对应原文第一段的末两句“Thesymptomsoffood